home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
open in:
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was processed as: MacOS Resource Fork
(archive/rsrc).
You can browse this item here: VSEPRplex Demo.rsrc
Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
100%
| dexvert
| MacOS Resource Fork (archive/rsrc)
| magic
| Supported |
100%
| dexvert
| MacOS Executable (executable/macOSExecutable)
| idMeta
| Supported |
10%
| dexvert
| Jesper Olsen Module (music/jesperOlsen)
| magic
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| BeOS Resource Data (archive/beOSResourceData)
| ext
| Unsupported |
1%
| dexvert
| AppleSingle (archive/appleSingle)
| fallback
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| TTComp Archive (archive/ttcomp)
| fallback
| Supported |
100%
| file
| AppleDouble encoded Macintosh file
| default
| |
99%
| file
| data
| default
| |
66%
| TrID
| Mac AppleDouble encoded
| default
| |
33%
| TrID
| TTComp archive compressed (bin-2K)
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| lsar
| AppleSingle
| default
|
|
id metadata |
---|
key | value |
---|
macFileType | [APPL] |
macFileCreator | [VSEP] |
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 00 05 16 07 00 02 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000010| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 02 00 00 00 09 00 00 |........|........|
|00000020| 00 32 00 00 00 20 00 00 | 00 02 00 00 00 52 00 02 |.2... ..|.....R..|
|00000030| 08 c5 41 50 50 4c 56 53 | 45 50 01 00 00 00 00 00 |..APPLVS|EP......|
|00000040| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000050| 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 01 | fe 0c 00 01 fd 0c 00 00 |........|........|
|00000060| 0a b9 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000080| 00 00 0e 56 53 45 50 52 | 70 6c 65 78 20 44 65 6d |...VSEPR|plex Dem|
|00000090| 6f 56 02 00 00 00 41 50 | 50 4c 56 53 45 50 00 00 |oV....AP|PLVSEP..|
|000000a0| 00 00 00 00 41 50 50 4c | 56 53 45 50 00 00 00 00 |....APPL|VSEP....|
|000000b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000c0| 00 00 00 00 ab 5d 14 9b | 00 01 2c 61 00 02 08 c5 |.....]..|..,a....|
|000000d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000100| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000110| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000120| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000130| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000140| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000150| 00 00 00 00 00 ea 00 02 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000160| 00 01 00 de 00 01 d8 56 | 53 45 50 52 70 6c 65 78 |.......V|SEPRplex|
|00000170| 20 56 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | 20 31 2e 31 20 44 65 6d | Version| 1.1 Dem|
|00000180| 6f 0d 41 20 33 2d 44 20 | 4d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 61 |o.A 3-D |Molecula|
|00000190| 72 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 6c | 69 6e 67 20 53 65 74 0d |r Modell|ing Set.|
|000001a0| 0d 44 69 73 74 72 69 62 | 75 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 |.Distrib|uted by |
|000001b0| 4c 6f 67 6f 73 20 53 6f | 66 74 77 61 72 65 2e 0d |Logos So|ftware..|
|000001c0| 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 | 74 20 a9 20 31 39 39 30 |Copyrigh|t . 1990|
|000001d0| 2d 31 39 39 34 2e 20 20 | 41 6c 6c 20 72 69 67 68 |-1994. |All righ|
|000001e0| 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 72 | 76 65 64 2e 0d 0d 4c 6f |ts reser|ved...Lo|
|000001f0| 67 6f 73 20 53 6f 66 74 | 77 61 72 65 0d 34 33 20 |gos Soft|ware.43 |
|00000200| 4e 65 77 63 6f 75 72 74 | 20 50 6c 61 63 65 0d 4b |Newcourt| Place.K|
|00000210| 69 6e 67 73 74 6f 6e 2c | 20 4f 6e 74 61 72 69 6f |ingston,| Ontario|
|00000220| 0d 43 61 6e 61 64 61 20 | 20 4b 37 4d 20 36 59 31 |.Canada | K7M 6Y1|
|00000230| 0d 28 36 31 33 29 20 35 | 34 36 2d 34 38 31 38 00 |.(613) 5|46-4818.|
|00000240| 00 00 08 26 41 42 4f 55 | 54 20 54 48 45 20 41 55 |...&ABOU|T THE AU|
|00000250| 54 48 4f 52 53 0d 0d 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 43 68 72 |THORS...| Chr|
|00000260| 69 73 74 69 61 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 53 68 61 77 6e |istian a|nd Shawn|
|00000270| 20 61 72 65 20 6f 72 69 | 67 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 | are ori|ginally |
|00000280| 66 72 6f 6d 20 45 73 70 | 61 6e 6f 6c 61 2c 20 61 |from Esp|anola, a|
|00000290| 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 70 | 75 6c 70 20 61 6e 64 20 | small p|ulp and |
|000002a0| 70 61 70 65 72 20 74 6f | 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 4e 6f |paper to|wn in No|
|000002b0| 72 74 68 65 72 6e 20 4f | 6e 74 61 72 69 6f 2e 20 |rthern O|ntario. |
|000002c0| 20 50 65 74 65 72 20 69 | 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 4b | Peter i|s from K|
|000002d0| 69 6e 67 73 74 6f 6e 2c | 20 4f 6e 74 61 72 69 6f |ingston,| Ontario|
|000002e0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63 69 | 74 79 20 77 68 65 72 65 |, the ci|ty where|
|000002f0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 72 | 65 65 20 6d 65 74 20 61 | all thr|ee met a|
|00000300| 6e 64 20 61 72 65 20 63 | 75 72 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 |nd are c|urrently|
|00000310| 20 61 74 74 65 6e 64 69 | 6e 67 20 75 6e 69 76 65 | attendi|ng unive|
|00000320| 72 73 69 74 79 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 61 75 74 68 |rsity. |The auth|
|00000330| 6f 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 62 65 |ors have| long be|
|00000340| 65 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 65 |en progr|amming e|
|00000350| 6e 74 68 75 73 69 61 73 | 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |nthusias|ts, and |
|00000360| 74 68 65 79 20 63 6f 6e | 74 69 6e 75 65 20 74 6f |they con|tinue to|
|00000370| 20 64 65 76 6f 74 65 20 | 6d 75 63 68 20 6f 66 20 | devote |much of |
|00000380| 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 70 | 61 72 65 20 74 69 6d 65 |their sp|are time|
|00000390| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 6f | to the |design o|
|000003a0| 66 20 6e 65 77 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 6e 6e 6f 76 61 |f new an|d innova|
|000003b0| 74 69 76 65 20 73 6f 66 | 74 77 61 72 65 2e 0d 0d |tive sof|tware...|
|000003c0| 20 20 20 20 20 22 56 53 | 45 50 52 70 6c 65 78 22 | "VS|EPRplex"|
|000003d0| 2c 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 6d 6f 73 74 20 69 6e 76 |, their |most inv|
|000003e0| 6f 6c 76 65 64 20 65 66 | 66 6f 72 74 20 74 68 75 |olved ef|fort thu|
|000003f0| 73 20 66 61 72 2c 20 77 | 61 73 20 69 6e 69 74 69 |s far, w|as initi|
|00000400| 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 31 39 39 30 20 62 79 20 |ated in |1990 by |
|00000410| 43 68 72 69 73 74 69 61 | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 53 68 |Christia|n and Sh|
|00000420| 61 77 6e 2e 20 20 57 68 | 69 6c 65 20 64 65 76 65 |awn. Wh|ile deve|
|00000430| 6c 6f 70 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |loping t|he progr|
|00000440| 61 6d 2c 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 74 77 |am, they| were tw|
|00000450| 69 63 65 20 63 68 6f 73 | 65 6e 20 74 6f 20 72 65 |ice chos|en to re|
|00000460| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 | 45 73 70 61 6e 6f 6c 61 |present |Espanola|
|00000470| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 4e 6f 72 74 68 20 43 | and the| North C|
|00000480| 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 20 72 | 65 67 69 6f 6e 20 61 74 |hannel r|egion at|
|00000490| 20 74 68 65 20 61 6e 6e | 75 61 6c 20 43 61 6e 61 | the ann|ual Cana|
|000004a0| 64 61 2d 57 69 64 65 20 | 53 63 69 65 6e 63 65 20 |da-Wide |Science |
|000004b0| 46 61 69 72 20 28 43 57 | 53 46 29 20 63 6f 6d 70 |Fair (CW|SF) comp|
|000004c0| 65 74 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 20 20 41 74 20 43 57 53 |etition.| At CWS|
|000004d0| 46 20 27 39 30 2c 20 68 | 65 6c 64 20 69 6e 20 57 |F '90, h|eld in W|
|000004e0| 69 6e 64 73 6f 72 2c 20 | 4f 6e 74 61 72 69 6f 2c |indsor, |Ontario,|
|000004f0| 20 74 68 65 79 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 61 77 61 72 64 | they we|re award|
|00000500| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 69 6c 76 65 72 20 6d 65 |ed the s|ilver me|
|00000510| 64 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 | 53 65 6e 69 6f 72 2d 6c |dal for |Senior-l|
|00000520| 65 76 65 6c 20 43 6f 6d | 70 75 74 65 72 20 53 63 |evel Com|puter Sc|
|00000530| 69 65 6e 63 65 2e 20 20 | 41 66 74 65 72 20 66 75 |ience. |After fu|
|00000540| 72 74 68 65 72 20 64 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 69 6e 67 |rther de|veloping|
|00000550| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 2c 20 53 68 | the pro|gram, Sh|
|00000560| 61 77 6e 20 74 72 61 76 | 65 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 6f |awn trav|elled to|
|00000570| 20 56 61 6e 63 6f 75 76 | 65 72 2c 20 42 72 69 74 | Vancouv|er, Brit|
|00000580| 69 73 68 20 43 6f 6c 75 | 6d 62 69 61 20 66 6f 72 |ish Colu|mbia for|
|00000590| 20 43 57 53 46 20 27 39 | 31 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | CWSF '9|1, and t|
|000005a0| 68 65 72 65 20 72 65 63 | 65 69 76 65 64 20 74 68 |here rec|eived th|
|000005b0| 65 20 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 67 6f 6c 64 2e |e nation|al gold.|
|000005c0| 20 20 50 65 74 65 72 20 | 6a 6f 69 6e 65 64 20 74 | Peter |joined t|
|000005d0| 68 65 20 74 65 61 6d 20 | 69 6e 20 31 39 39 33 20 |he team |in 1993 |
|000005e0| 74 6f 20 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 20 61 20 57 69 6e |to devel|op a Win|
|000005f0| 64 6f 77 73 20 76 65 72 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |dows ver|sion of |
|00000600| 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 2c 20 61 6e 64 |the prog|ram, and|
|00000610| 20 68 61 73 20 6d 61 64 | 65 20 69 6e 76 61 6c 75 | has mad|e invalu|
|00000620| 61 62 6c 65 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f |able con|tributio|
|00000630| 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 |ns to th|e projec|
|00000640| 74 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e | 20 61 73 20 61 20 77 68 |t design| as a wh|
|00000650| 6f 6c 65 2e 20 20 56 53 | 45 50 52 70 6c 65 78 20 |ole. VS|EPRplex |
|00000660| 69 73 20 63 75 72 72 65 | 6e 74 6c 79 20 61 76 61 |is curre|ntly ava|
|00000670| 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 | 6f 72 20 4d 69 63 72 6f |ilable f|or Micro|
|00000680| 73 6f 66 74 20 57 69 6e | 64 6f 77 73 2c 20 41 70 |soft Win|dows, Ap|
|00000690| 70 6c 65 20 4d 61 63 69 | 6e 74 6f 73 68 20 61 6e |ple Maci|ntosh an|
|000006a0| 64 20 41 70 70 6c 65 20 | 50 6f 77 65 72 20 4d 61 |d Apple |Power Ma|
|000006b0| 63 69 6e 74 6f 73 68 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 49 |cintosh.|.. I|
|000006c0| 6e 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 73 6f |n additi|on to so|
|000006d0| 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 64 | 65 73 69 67 6e 20 61 6e |ftware d|esign an|
|000006e0| 64 20 63 68 65 6d 69 73 | 74 72 79 2c 20 43 68 72 |d chemis|try, Chr|
|000006f0| 69 73 74 69 61 6e 20 65 | 6e 6a 6f 79 73 20 77 72 |istian e|njoys wr|
|00000700| 69 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 64 | 72 61 77 69 6e 67 20 61 |iting, d|rawing a|
|00000710| 6e 64 20 70 6c 61 79 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 63 |nd playi|ng the c|
|00000720| 6c 61 73 73 69 63 61 6c | 20 67 75 69 74 61 72 2e |lassical| guitar.|
|00000730| 20 20 49 6e 20 31 39 39 | 33 2c 20 68 65 20 72 65 | In 199|3, he re|
|00000740| 63 65 69 76 65 64 20 61 | 20 70 68 69 6c 6f 73 6f |ceived a| philoso|
|00000750| 70 68 79 20 64 65 67 72 | 65 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |phy degr|ee from |
|00000760| 4c 61 75 72 65 6e 74 69 | 61 6e 20 55 6e 69 76 65 |Laurenti|an Unive|
|00000770| 72 73 69 74 79 20 69 6e | 20 53 75 64 62 75 72 79 |rsity in| Sudbury|
|00000780| 2c 20 4f 6e 74 61 72 69 | 6f 2e 20 20 48 65 20 69 |, Ontari|o. He i|
|00000790| 73 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e | 74 6c 79 20 61 74 74 65 |s curren|tly atte|
|000007a0| 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 4c 61 | 77 20 53 63 68 6f 6f 6c |nding La|w School|
|000007b0| 20 61 74 20 51 75 65 65 | 6e 27 73 20 55 6e 69 76 | at Quee|n's Univ|
|000007c0| 65 72 73 69 74 79 2e 0d | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 53 68 |ersity..|. Sh|
|000007d0| 61 77 6e 27 73 20 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 68 6f 62 62 69 |awn's ma|ny hobbi|
|000007e0| 65 73 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | 64 65 20 74 61 6b 69 6e |es inclu|de takin|
|000007f0| 67 20 70 61 72 74 20 69 | 6e 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 20 |g part i|n local |
|00000800| 74 68 65 61 74 72 69 63 | 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 64 75 |theatric|al produ|
|00000810| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 70 6c 61 79 69 6e 67 20 |ctions, |playing |
|00000820| 74 68 65 20 62 61 73 73 | 2d 67 75 69 74 61 72 20 |the bass|-guitar |
|00000830| 61 6e 64 20 65 78 70 6c | 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |and expl|oring th|
|00000840| 65 20 6e 75 6d 65 72 6f | 75 73 20 61 70 70 6c 69 |e numero|us appli|
|00000850| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 6f 66 20 66 72 61 63 74 |cations |of fract|
|00000860| 61 6c 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 | 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |al geome|try and |
|00000870| 43 68 61 6f 73 20 74 68 | 65 6f 72 79 2e 20 20 48 |Chaos th|eory. H|
|00000880| 65 20 69 73 20 63 75 72 | 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 65 |e is cur|rently e|
|00000890| 6e 72 6f 6c 6c 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 6d 61 74 |nrolled |in a mat|
|000008a0| 68 65 6d 61 74 69 63 73 | 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |hematics| program|
|000008b0| 6d 65 20 61 74 20 51 75 | 65 65 6e 27 73 20 55 6e |me at Qu|een's Un|
|000008c0| 69 76 65 72 73 69 74 79 | 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |iversity|... |
|000008d0| 50 65 74 65 72 20 65 6e | 6a 6f 79 73 20 6d 61 6b |Peter en|joys mak|
|000008e0| 69 6e 67 20 77 69 6e 65 | 2c 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 |ing wine|, partic|
|000008f0| 69 70 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 69 6e 20 73 74 75 64 65 |ipating |in stude|
|00000900| 6e 74 20 6f 72 67 61 6e | 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |nt organ|izations|
|00000910| 20 61 6e 64 20 70 6c 61 | 79 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | and pla|ying the|
|00000920| 20 63 6c 61 73 73 69 63 | 61 6c 20 67 75 69 74 61 | classic|al guita|
|00000930| 72 2e 20 20 48 65 20 69 | 73 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e |r. He i|s presen|
|00000940| 74 6c 79 20 73 74 75 64 | 79 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 74 |tly stud|ying mat|
|00000950| 68 65 6d 61 74 69 63 73 | 20 61 74 20 51 75 65 65 |hematics| at Quee|
|00000960| 6e 27 73 20 55 6e 69 76 | 65 72 73 69 74 79 2c 20 |n's Univ|ersity, |
|00000970| 61 6e 64 20 68 6f 70 65 | 73 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 74 |and hope|s to ent|
|00000980| 65 72 20 67 72 61 64 75 | 61 74 65 20 73 74 75 64 |er gradu|ate stud|
|00000990| 69 65 73 20 61 74 20 43 | 61 6d 62 72 69 64 67 65 |ies at C|ambridge|
|000009a0| 20 75 70 6f 6e 20 63 6f | 6d 70 6c 65 74 69 6e 67 | upon co|mpleting|
|000009b0| 20 68 69 73 20 64 65 67 | 72 65 65 2e 0d 0d 20 20 | his deg|ree... |
|000009c0| 20 20 20 54 6f 20 63 6f | 6e 74 61 63 74 20 74 68 | To co|ntact th|
|000009d0| 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 | 73 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 |e author|s please|
|000009e0| 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 | 6f 3a 0d 0d 4c 6f 67 6f | write t|o:..Logo|
|000009f0| 73 20 53 6f 66 74 77 61 | 72 65 0d 34 33 20 4e 65 |s Softwa|re.43 Ne|
|00000a00| 77 63 6f 75 72 74 20 50 | 6c 61 63 65 0d 4b 69 6e |wcourt P|lace.Kin|
|00000a10| 67 73 74 6f 6e 2c 20 4f | 6e 74 61 72 69 6f 0d 43 |gston, O|ntario.C|
|00000a20| 61 6e 61 64 61 20 20 4b | 37 4d 20 36 59 31 0d 28 |anada K|7M 6Y1.(|
|00000a30| 36 31 33 29 20 35 34 36 | 2d 34 38 31 38 0d 0d 54 |613) 546|-4818..T|
|00000a40| 68 61 6e 6b 20 79 6f 75 | 20 66 6f 72 20 73 75 70 |hank you| for sup|
|00000a50| 70 6f 72 74 69 6e 67 20 | 61 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e |porting |a studen|
|00000a60| 74 20 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 | 74 2e 00 00 0b e0 41 42 |t projec|t.....AB|
|00000a70| 4f 55 54 20 56 53 45 50 | 52 70 6c 65 78 0d 0d 0d |OUT VSEP|Rplex...|
|00000a80| 20 20 20 20 20 56 53 45 | 50 52 70 6c 65 78 20 28 | VSE|PRplex (|
|00000a90| 70 72 6f 6e 6f 75 6e 63 | 65 64 20 22 76 65 73 2d |pronounc|ed "ves-|
|00000aa0| 70 65 72 2d 70 6c 65 78 | 22 29 20 69 73 20 61 20 |per-plex|") is a |
|00000ab0| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 61 | 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 6c |molecula|r modell|
|00000ac0| 69 6e 67 20 73 65 74 2c | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 75 |ing set,| which u|
|00000ad0| 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 |ses the |computer|
|00000ae0| 20 74 6f 20 61 73 73 69 | 73 74 20 73 74 75 64 69 | to assi|st studi|
|00000af0| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 56 53 | 45 50 52 20 74 68 65 6f |es in VS|EPR theo|
|00000b00| 72 79 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 74 69 74 6c 65 2c 20 |ry. The| title, |
|00000b10| 22 56 53 45 50 52 70 6c | 65 78 2c 22 20 69 73 20 |"VSEPRpl|ex," is |
|00000b20| 61 20 22 70 6f 72 74 6d | 61 6e 74 65 61 75 20 77 |a "portm|anteau w|
|00000b30| 6f 72 64 22 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 |ord" in |that it |
|00000b40| 62 6c 65 6e 64 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 |blends t|he sound|
|00000b50| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f | 6d 62 69 6e 65 73 20 74 |s and co|mbines t|
|00000b60| 68 65 20 6d 65 61 6e 69 | 6e 67 73 20 6f 66 20 74 |he meani|ngs of t|
|00000b70| 77 6f 20 77 6f 72 64 73 | 2c 20 22 56 53 45 50 52 |wo words|, "VSEPR|
|00000b80| 22 20 61 6e 64 20 22 70 | 65 72 70 6c 65 78 2e 22 |" and "p|erplex."|
|00000b90| 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 6a | 6f 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 73 | This j|oining s|
|00000ba0| 75 67 67 65 73 74 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 75 72 70 |uggests |the purp|
|00000bb0| 6f 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ose of t|he progr|
|00000bc0| 61 6d 3a 20 20 74 6f 20 | 68 65 6c 70 20 73 74 75 |am: to |help stu|
|00000bd0| 64 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 76 | 65 72 63 6f 6d 65 20 74 |dents ov|ercome t|
|00000be0| 68 65 20 76 69 73 75 61 | 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f |he visua|l and co|
|00000bf0| 6e 63 65 70 74 75 61 6c | 20 70 65 72 70 6c 65 78 |nceptual| perplex|
|00000c00| 69 74 69 65 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 73 |ities th|at are s|
|00000c10| 6f 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 | 61 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f |o often |a part o|
|00000c20| 66 20 73 74 75 64 79 69 | 6e 67 20 56 53 45 50 52 |f studyi|ng VSEPR|
|00000c30| 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 | theory.|.. T|
|00000c40| 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 | 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 20 77 |he main |reason w|
|00000c50| 68 79 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 | 73 74 75 64 65 6e 74 73 |hy many |students|
|00000c60| 20 68 61 76 65 20 64 69 | 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 79 | have di|fficulty|
|00000c70| 20 77 69 74 68 20 56 53 | 45 50 52 20 74 68 65 6f | with VS|EPR theo|
|00000c80| 72 79 20 69 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 |ry is th|at the t|
|00000c90| 72 61 64 69 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 74 65 61 63 68 |radition|al teach|
|00000ca0| 69 6e 67 20 61 69 64 73 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 6e 65 |ing aids| have ne|
|00000cb0| 76 65 72 20 62 65 65 6e | 20 76 65 72 79 20 65 66 |ver been| very ef|
|00000cc0| 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 6f |fective.| The co|
|00000cd0| 6e 63 65 70 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 72 65 65 2d 64 |ncept of| three-d|
|00000ce0| 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 62 6f 6e 64 69 |imension|al bondi|
|00000cf0| 6e 67 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 65 61 73 69 6c 79 |ng is no|t easily|
|00000d00| 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 79 65 | 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 62 | conveye|d, and b|
|00000d10| 6c 61 63 6b 62 6f 61 72 | 64 20 69 6c 6c 75 73 74 |lackboar|d illust|
|00000d20| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 70 68 79 73 |rations |and phys|
|00000d30| 69 63 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 | 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 |ical mod|elling s|
|00000d40| 65 74 73 20 64 6f 20 6e | 6f 74 20 6d 65 65 74 20 |ets do n|ot meet |
|00000d50| 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 6c | 6c 65 6e 67 65 20 77 65 |the chal|lenge we|
|00000d60| 6c 6c 2e 20 20 44 72 61 | 77 69 6e 67 73 20 61 72 |ll. Dra|wings ar|
|00000d70| 65 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 | 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 20 70 |e partic|ularly p|
|00000d80| 6f 6f 72 20 62 65 63 61 | 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 69 |oor beca|use it i|
|00000d90| 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 64 | 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 |s most d|ifficult|
|00000da0| 20 74 6f 20 61 63 63 75 | 72 61 74 65 6c 79 20 72 | to accu|rately r|
|00000db0| 65 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 | 20 70 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 |eproduce| proport|
|00000dc0| 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 70 65 72 73 70 65 63 74 |ion and |perspect|
|00000dd0| 69 76 65 20 69 6e 20 74 | 77 6f 2d 64 69 6d 65 6e |ive in t|wo-dimen|
|00000de0| 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 | 41 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2c |sions. |As well,|
|00000df0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 | 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 64 | the fac|t that d|
|00000e00| 72 61 77 69 6e 67 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 73 74 61 74 |rawings |are stat|
|00000e10| 69 63 20 28 69 2e 65 2e | 2c 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e |ic (i.e.|, studen|
|00000e20| 74 73 20 73 65 65 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 20 |ts see o|nly one |
|00000e30| 22 76 69 65 77 22 20 6f | 66 20 61 20 6d 6f 6c 65 |"view" o|f a mole|
|00000e40| 63 75 6c 65 29 20 6d 61 | 6b 65 73 20 74 68 65 6d |cule) ma|kes them|
|00000e50| 20 65 76 65 6e 20 6c 65 | 73 73 20 64 65 73 69 72 | even le|ss desir|
|00000e60| 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 50 | 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 |able. P|hysical |
|00000e70| 6d 6f 64 65 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 20 73 65 74 73 20 61 |modellin|g sets a|
|00000e80| 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 | 68 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 |re somet|hing of |
|00000e90| 61 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 6f | 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 |an impro|vement, |
|00000ea0| 62 75 74 20 65 76 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 |but even| these c|
|00000eb0| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 66 72 | 75 73 74 72 61 74 69 6e |an be fr|ustratin|
|00000ec0| 67 2e 20 20 4d 6f 64 65 | 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 65 |g. Mode|lling se|
|00000ed0| 74 73 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d |ts limit| the num|
|00000ee0| 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 6d | 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 73 |ber of m|olecules|
|00000ef0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 | 6e 20 62 65 20 61 73 73 | that ca|n be ass|
|00000f00| 65 6d 62 6c 65 64 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 66 |embled, |and forf|
|00000f10| 65 69 74 20 6f 72 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 |eit or c|ompromis|
|00000f20| 65 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 | 61 6e 74 20 61 74 74 72 |e import|ant attr|
|00000f30| 69 62 75 74 65 73 2c 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |ibutes, |such as |
|00000f40| 61 74 6f 6d 69 63 20 72 | 61 64 69 69 2c 20 62 6f |atomic r|adii, bo|
|00000f50| 6e 64 20 61 6e 67 6c 65 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 62 6f |nd angle|s and bo|
|00000f60| 6e 64 20 64 69 73 74 61 | 6e 63 65 73 2e 0d 0d 20 |nd dista|nces... |
|00000f70| 20 20 20 20 56 53 45 50 | 52 70 6c 65 78 20 6f 76 | VSEP|Rplex ov|
|00000f80| 65 72 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 | 74 68 65 73 65 20 6b 69 |ercomes |these ki|
|00000f90| 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 20 70 | 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 |nds of p|roblems |
|00000fa0| 69 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 77 | 61 79 73 2e 20 20 54 6f |in two w|ays. To|
|00000fb0| 20 62 65 67 69 6e 20 77 | 69 74 68 2c 20 74 68 65 | begin w|ith, the|
|00000fc0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 66 72 65 65 73 20 6d | program| frees m|
|00000fd0| 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 61 72 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 6c 69 |olecular| modelli|
|00000fe0| 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 61 6c | 6c 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 |ng of al|l physic|
|00000ff0| 61 6c 20 72 65 73 74 72 | 61 69 6e 74 73 20 62 79 |al restr|aints by|
|00001000| 20 63 72 65 61 74 69 6e | 67 20 73 69 6d 75 6c 61 | creatin|g simula|
|00001010| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 65 78 69 73 74 |tions th|at exist|
|00001020| 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d | only in| the com|
|00001030| 70 75 74 65 72 2e 20 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 22 76 69 |puter. |This "vi|
|00001040| 72 74 75 61 6c 22 20 70 | 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 70 |rtual" p|rocess p|
|00001050| 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 | 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 74 |rovides |models t|
|00001060| 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 | 65 78 63 65 70 74 69 6f |hat are |exceptio|
|00001070| 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 66 6c | 65 78 69 62 6c 65 2c 20 |nally fl|exible, |
|00001080| 64 65 74 61 69 6c 65 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 63 63 |detailed| and acc|
|00001090| 75 72 61 74 65 2e 20 20 | 41 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 |urate. |A second|
|000010a0| 20 61 64 76 61 6e 74 61 | 67 65 20 69 73 20 74 68 | advanta|ge is th|
|000010b0| 61 74 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 | 75 6c 65 73 20 61 72 65 |at molec|ules are|
|000010c0| 20 22 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 74 65 64 22 20 69 6e 20 | "genera|ted" in |
|000010d0| 74 68 65 20 74 72 75 65 | 20 73 65 6e 73 65 20 6f |the true| sense o|
|000010e0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f | 72 64 2e 20 20 56 53 45 |f the wo|rd. VSE|
|000010f0| 50 52 70 6c 65 78 20 64 | 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |PRplex d|oes not |
|00001100| 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 72 | 65 74 72 69 65 76 65 20 |simply r|etrieve |
|00001110| 69 74 73 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |its mode|ls from |
|00001120| 61 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 61 72 20 64 61 74 61 |a molecu|lar data|
|00001130| 62 61 73 65 3b 20 66 6f | 72 20 61 6e 79 20 70 61 |base; fo|r any pa|
|00001140| 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c |rticular| molecul|
|00001150| 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 6d |e, the p|rogram m|
|00001160| 61 74 68 65 6d 61 74 69 | 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 65 |athemati|cally de|
|00001170| 72 69 76 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 |rives th|e struct|
|00001180| 75 72 65 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 70 |ure from| first p|
|00001190| 72 69 6e 63 69 70 6c 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 70 68 79 |rinciple|s of phy|
|000011a0| 73 69 63 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 63 68 65 6d 69 73 74 |sics and| chemist|
|000011b0| 72 79 2e 20 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 67 75 61 72 61 6e |ry. Thi|s guaran|
|000011c0| 74 65 65 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 61 73 20 6d 61 6e |tees tha|t as man|
|000011d0| 79 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 |y molecu|les can |
|000011e0| 62 65 20 61 73 73 65 6d | 62 6c 65 64 20 77 69 74 |be assem|bled wit|
|000011f0| 68 20 56 53 45 50 52 70 | 6c 65 78 20 61 73 20 63 |h VSEPRp|lex as c|
|00001200| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 70 72 | 65 64 69 63 74 65 64 20 |an be pr|edicted |
|00001210| 62 79 20 56 53 45 50 52 | 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 2e |by VSEPR| theory.|
|00001220| 20 20 41 73 20 77 65 6c | 6c 2c 20 62 79 20 67 65 | As wel|l, by ge|
|00001230| 6e 65 72 61 74 69 6e 67 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c |nerating| molecul|
|00001240| 65 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 |es, the |program |
|00001250| 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 | 20 63 6c 65 61 72 20 65 |provides| clear e|
|00001260| 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 20 | 61 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |vidence |as to th|
|00001270| 65 20 75 74 69 6c 69 74 | 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e utilit|y of the|
|00001280| 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 4d | theory.|.. M|
|00001290| 6f 64 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 56 53 |odelling| with VS|
|000012a0| 45 50 52 70 6c 65 78 20 | 69 73 20 70 6f 77 65 72 |EPRplex |is power|
|000012b0| 66 75 6c 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f |ful, but| the pro|
|000012c0| 63 65 73 73 20 69 73 20 | 65 61 73 69 6c 79 20 6d |cess is |easily m|
|000012d0| 61 73 74 65 72 65 64 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 74 |astered.| The st|
|000012e0| 75 64 65 6e 74 20 61 73 | 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 73 20 |udent as|sembles |
|000012f0| 61 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c | 61 20 62 79 20 75 73 69 |a formul|a by usi|
|00001300| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 75 73 65 20 74 6f 20 |ng the m|ouse to |
|00001310| 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 65 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |select e|lements |
|00001320| 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 70 | 65 72 69 6f 64 69 63 20 |from a p|eriodic |
|00001330| 74 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 |table. |The prog|
|00001340| 72 61 6d 20 74 68 65 6e | 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 |ram then| models |
|00001350| 74 68 65 20 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 75 72 65 2e 20 20 |the stru|cture. |
|00001360| 46 6f 75 72 20 6d 6f 64 | 65 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 74 |Four mod|els of t|
|00001370| 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 | 75 6c 65 20 28 73 6b 65 |he molec|ule (ske|
|00001380| 6c 65 74 61 6c 2c 20 4c | 65 77 69 73 2c 20 76 65 |letal, L|ewis, ve|
|00001390| 63 74 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 | 20 73 70 61 63 65 2d 66 |ctor and| space-f|
|000013a0| 69 6c 6c 69 6e 67 29 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 76 61 69 |illing) |are avai|
|000013b0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 73 65 20 6d 6f |lable. |These mo|
|000013c0| 64 65 6c 73 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 75 6e 69 71 75 65 |dels hav|e unique|
|000013d0| 20 71 75 61 6c 69 74 69 | 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | qualiti|es, and |
|000013e0| 74 6f 67 65 74 68 65 72 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 70 72 |together| they pr|
|000013f0| 6f 76 69 64 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e |ovide th|e studen|
|00001400| 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 | 20 73 6f 6c 69 64 20 72 |t with a| solid r|
|00001410| 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |epresent|ation of|
|00001420| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c | 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 20 20 | the mol|ecule. |
|00001430| 50 65 72 63 65 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 62 |Percepti|on can b|
|00001440| 65 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 | 72 20 65 6e 68 61 6e 63 |e furthe|r enhanc|
|00001450| 65 64 20 62 79 20 70 65 | 72 66 6f 72 6d 69 6e 67 |ed by pe|rforming|
|00001460| 20 22 72 65 61 6c 2d 74 | 69 6d 65 22 20 72 6f 74 | "real-t|ime" rot|
|00001470| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 68 |ations o|n the th|
|00001480| 72 65 65 2d 64 69 6d 65 | 6e 73 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 |ree-dime|nsional |
|00001490| 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 62 79 20 61 |models, |and by a|
|000014a0| 64 6a 75 73 74 69 6e 67 | 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 73 |djusting| various|
|000014b0| 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | feature|s of the|
|000014c0| 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 | 28 65 2e 67 2e 2c 20 74 | models |(e.g., t|
|000014d0| 68 65 20 63 68 6f 69 63 | 65 20 6f 66 20 72 65 6e |he choic|e of ren|
|000014e0| 64 65 72 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 73 68 61 70 65 20 63 6c |dering, |shape cl|
|000014f0| 61 73 73 69 66 69 63 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 65 74 |assifica|tion, et|
|00001500| 63 2e 29 2e 20 20 41 73 | 20 77 65 6c 6c 2c 20 6d |c.). As| well, m|
|00001510| 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 |odels ar|e accomp|
|00001520| 61 6e 69 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 65 78 74 20 64 69 |anied by| text di|
|00001530| 73 70 6c 61 79 73 2c 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 75 |splays, |which tu|
|00001540| 74 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 74 75 64 65 6e 74 20 |tor the |student |
|00001550| 69 6e 20 73 74 72 75 63 | 74 75 72 61 6c 20 64 65 |in struc|tural de|
|00001560| 72 69 76 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 |rivation| procedu|
|00001570| 72 65 73 2e 20 20 41 6c | 6c 20 69 6e 20 61 6c 6c |res. Al|l in all|
|00001580| 2c 20 56 53 45 50 52 70 | 6c 65 78 20 70 72 6f 76 |, VSEPRp|lex prov|
|00001590| 69 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e 74 |ides the| student|
|000015a0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 70 70 6f 72 74 | with th|e opport|
|000015b0| 75 6e 69 74 79 20 74 6f | 20 72 65 61 6c 69 7a 65 |unity to| realize|
|000015c0| 20 62 6f 74 68 20 76 69 | 73 75 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 | both vi|sual and|
|000015d0| 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 70 74 | 75 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 66 | concept|ual prof|
|000015e0| 69 63 69 65 6e 63 79 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 56 53 45 |iciency |with VSE|
|000015f0| 50 52 20 74 68 65 6f 72 | 79 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |PR theor|y. The |
|00001600| 61 69 6d 20 69 73 20 74 | 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 6d |aim is t|o make m|
|00001610| 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 61 72 | 20 62 6f 6e 64 69 6e 67 |olecular| bonding|
|00001620| 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 | somethi|ng that |
|00001630| 74 68 65 20 73 74 75 64 | 65 6e 74 20 74 72 75 6c |the stud|ent trul|
|00001640| 79 20 75 6e 64 65 72 73 | 74 61 6e 64 73 2e 00 00 |y unders|tands...|
|00001650| 06 2b 56 53 45 50 52 70 | 6c 65 78 20 44 45 4d 4f |.+VSEPRp|lex DEMO|
|00001660| 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 57 69 74 68 20 74 68 69 |... |With thi|
|00001670| 73 20 64 65 6d 6f 20 6f | 66 20 56 53 45 50 52 70 |s demo o|f VSEPRp|
|00001680| 6c 65 78 20 28 70 72 6f | 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 20 |lex (pro|nounced |
|00001690| d4 76 65 73 2d 70 65 72 | 2d 70 6c 65 78 d5 29 20 |.ves-per|-plex.) |
|000016a0| 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6d 6f 64 |you can |only mod|
|000016b0| 65 6c 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 61 74 65 72 20 6d 6f 6c |el the w|ater mol|
|000016c0| 65 63 75 6c 65 20 28 48 | 32 30 29 2e 20 20 54 6f |ecule (H|20). To|
|000016d0| 20 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 6e | explore| the man|
|000016e0| 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 |y other |molecule|
|000016f0| 73 20 70 72 65 64 69 63 | 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 56 |s predic|ted by V|
|00001700| 53 45 50 52 20 74 68 65 | 6f 72 79 2c 20 79 6f 75 |SEPR the|ory, you|
|00001710| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 65 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 70 75 | will ne|ed to pu|
|00001720| 72 63 68 61 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c |rchase t|he compl|
|00001730| 65 74 65 20 56 53 45 50 | 52 70 6c 65 78 20 70 61 |ete VSEP|Rplex pa|
|00001740| 63 6b 61 67 65 2e 20 20 | 53 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ckage. |See the |
|00001750| 46 75 6e 64 61 6d 65 6e | 74 61 6c 20 53 74 72 75 |Fundamen|tal Stru|
|00001760| 63 74 75 72 65 73 20 72 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |ctures r|eference|
|00001770| 20 63 68 61 72 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 69 73 | chart f|or a lis|
|00001780| 74 20 6f 66 20 6a 75 73 | 74 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 6f |t of jus|t some o|
|00001790| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 73 20 |f the mo|lecules |
|000017a0| 70 72 65 64 69 63 74 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 69 |predicte|d by thi|
|000017b0| 73 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 | 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 56 53 45 |s theory|.....VSE|
|000017c0| 50 52 70 6c 65 78 20 50 | 52 49 43 45 20 4c 49 53 |PRplex P|RICE LIS|
|000017d0| 54 0d 4e 6f 76 65 6d 62 | 65 72 20 31 39 39 34 0d |T.Novemb|er 1994.|
|000017e0| 0d 0d 56 53 45 50 52 70 | 6c 65 78 20 69 73 20 61 |..VSEPRp|lex is a|
|000017f0| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 20 66 6f 72 20 4d 69 63 |vailable| for Mic|
|00001800| 72 6f 73 6f 66 74 20 57 | 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 2c 20 |rosoft W|indows, |
|00001810| 41 70 70 6c 65 20 4d 61 | 63 69 6e 74 6f 73 68 20 |Apple Ma|cintosh |
|00001820| 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c | 65 20 50 6f 77 65 72 20 |and Appl|e Power |
|00001830| 4d 61 63 69 6e 74 6f 73 | 68 2e 0d 0d 0d 53 54 55 |Macintos|h....STU|
|00001840| 44 45 4e 54 53 20 41 4e | 44 20 4f 54 48 45 52 20 |DENTS AN|D OTHER |
|00001850| 50 45 52 53 4f 4e 53 0d | 0d 50 52 49 43 45 20 3d |PERSONS.|.PRICE =|
|00001860| 20 24 33 30 20 43 4e 44 | 2f 24 32 34 20 55 2e 53 | $30 CND|/$24 U.S|
|00001870| 2e 20 66 6f 72 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 70 61 63 6b 61 |. for ea|ch packa|
|00001880| 67 65 2e 0d 0d 0d 48 49 | 47 48 20 53 43 48 4f 4f |ge....HI|GH SCHOO|
|00001890| 4c 53 2c 20 43 4f 4c 4c | 45 47 45 53 2c 20 55 4e |LS, COLL|EGES, UN|
|000018a0| 49 56 45 52 53 49 54 49 | 45 53 2c 20 45 54 43 2e |IVERSITI|ES, ETC.|
|000018b0| 0d 0d 50 52 49 43 45 20 | 3d 20 24 31 30 30 20 43 |..PRICE |= $100 C|
|000018c0| 4e 44 2f 24 38 30 20 55 | 2e 53 2e 20 66 6f 72 20 |ND/$80 U|.S. for |
|000018d0| 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 |initial |package |
|000018e0| 2b 20 24 32 30 20 43 4e | 44 2f 24 31 36 20 55 2e |+ $20 CN|D/$16 U.|
|000018f0| 53 2e 20 70 65 72 20 61 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 |S. per a|dditiona|
|00001900| 6c 20 63 6f 70 79 2e 0d | 0d 41 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 |l copy..|.Alterna|
|00001910| 74 69 76 65 6c 79 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 |tively, |the righ|
|00001920| 74 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f 66 |t to use| the sof|
|00001930| 74 77 61 72 65 20 6f 6e | 20 61 6e 79 20 6e 75 6d |tware on| any num|
|00001940| 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 73 |ber of c|omputers|
|00001950| 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 75 72 63 | within |the purc|
|00001960| 68 61 73 69 6e 67 20 64 | 65 70 61 72 74 6d 65 6e |hasing d|epartmen|
|00001970| 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 63 68 6f 6f 6c 20 |t of the| school |
|00001980| 6f 72 20 69 6e 73 74 69 | 74 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 |or insti|tution c|
|00001990| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 6f 62 | 74 61 69 6e 65 64 2e 0d |an be ob|tained..|
|000019a0| 0d 50 52 49 43 45 20 66 | 6f 72 20 55 6e 6c 69 6d |.PRICE f|or Unlim|
|000019b0| 69 74 65 64 20 53 69 74 | 65 20 4c 69 63 65 6e 63 |ited Sit|e Licenc|
|000019c0| 65 20 3d 20 24 34 30 30 | 20 43 4e 44 2f 24 33 32 |e = $400| CND/$32|
|000019d0| 30 20 55 2e 53 2e 0d 0d | 0d 53 43 48 4f 4f 4c 20 |0 U.S...|.SCHOOL |
|000019e0| 42 4f 41 52 44 53 2c 20 | 50 52 4f 56 49 4e 43 49 |BOARDS, |PROVINCI|
|000019f0| 41 4c 2f 53 54 41 54 45 | 20 4d 49 4e 49 53 54 52 |AL/STATE| MINISTR|
|00001a00| 49 45 53 2c 20 45 54 43 | 0d 0d 50 52 49 43 45 20 |IES, ETC|..PRICE |
|00001a10| 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 79 20 | 6c 61 72 67 65 72 20 6c |for any |larger l|
|00001a20| 69 63 65 6e 63 65 20 69 | 73 20 6e 65 67 6f 74 69 |icence i|s negoti|
|00001a30| 61 62 6c 65 20 28 61 6e | 64 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 |able (an|d would |
|00001a40| 62 65 20 66 61 72 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 73 74 |be far m|ore cost|
|00001a50| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 | 76 65 29 2e 20 20 50 6c | effecti|ve). Pl|
|00001a60| 65 61 73 65 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 63 74 20 4c 6f 67 |ease con|tact Log|
|00001a70| 6f 73 20 53 6f 66 74 77 | 61 72 65 20 66 6f 72 20 |os Softw|are for |
|00001a80| 66 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 | 64 65 74 61 69 6c 73 2e |further |details.|
|00001a90| 0d 0d 0d 49 4d 50 4f 52 | 54 41 4e 54 3a 20 20 4f |...IMPOR|TANT: O|
|00001aa0| 6e 74 61 72 69 6f 20 63 | 75 73 74 6f 6d 65 72 73 |ntario c|ustomers|
|00001ab0| 2c 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 | 20 61 64 64 20 38 25 20 |, please| add 8% |
|00001ac0| 74 6f 20 61 6c 6c 20 70 | 72 69 63 65 73 20 66 6f |to all p|rices fo|
|00001ad0| 72 20 70 72 6f 76 69 6e | 63 69 61 6c 20 73 61 6c |r provin|cial sal|
|00001ae0| 65 73 20 74 61 78 2e 20 | 20 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 |es tax. | This pr|
|00001af0| 6f 64 75 63 74 20 69 73 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 62 |oduct is| not sub|
|00001b00| 6a 65 63 74 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 61 6e 61 |ject to |the Cana|
|00001b10| 64 69 61 6e 20 67 6f 6f | 64 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |dian goo|ds and s|
|00001b20| 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 20 | 74 61 78 2e 0d 0d 41 6c |ervices |tax...Al|
|00001b30| 6c 20 6f 72 64 65 72 73 | 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 |l orders| should |
|00001b40| 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 |specify |the desi|
|00001b50| 72 65 64 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 20 6f 70 74 69 |red pack|age opti|
|00001b60| 6f 6e 28 73 29 20 28 61 | 6e 64 2c 20 77 68 65 72 |on(s) (a|nd, wher|
|00001b70| 65 20 61 70 70 72 6f 70 | 72 69 61 74 65 2c 20 74 |e approp|riate, t|
|00001b80| 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 | 72 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 70 |he numbe|r of cop|
|00001b90| 69 65 73 29 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 6c 61 |ies) and| the pla|
|00001ba0| 74 66 6f 72 6d 28 73 29 | 2e 20 20 4d 61 6b 65 20 |tform(s)|. Make |
|00001bb0| 61 6c 6c 20 63 68 65 71 | 75 65 73 2c 20 6d 6f 6e |all cheq|ues, mon|
|00001bc0| 65 79 20 6f 72 64 65 72 | 73 20 6f 72 20 70 75 72 |ey order|s or pur|
|00001bd0| 63 68 61 73 65 20 6f 72 | 64 65 72 73 20 70 61 79 |chase or|ders pay|
|00001be0| 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 | 4c 6f 67 6f 73 20 53 6f |able to |Logos So|
|00001bf0| 66 74 77 61 72 65 2e 20 | 20 53 65 6e 64 20 61 6c |ftware. | Send al|
|00001c00| 6c 20 6f 72 64 65 72 73 | 20 74 6f 3a 0d 0d 4c 6f |l orders| to:..Lo|
|00001c10| 67 6f 73 20 20 53 6f 66 | 74 77 61 72 65 0d 34 33 |gos Sof|tware.43|
|00001c20| 20 4e 65 77 63 6f 75 72 | 74 20 50 6c 61 63 65 0d | Newcour|t Place.|
|00001c30| 4b 69 6e 67 73 74 6f 6e | 2c 20 4f 6e 74 61 72 69 |Kingston|, Ontari|
|00001c40| 6f 0d 43 61 6e 61 64 61 | 20 20 4b 37 4d 20 36 59 |o.Canada| K7M 6Y|
|00001c50| 31 0d 28 36 31 33 29 20 | 35 34 36 2d 34 38 31 38 |1.(613) |546-4818|
|00001c60| 0d 0d 54 68 61 6e 6b 20 | 79 6f 75 20 66 6f 72 20 |..Thank |you for |
|00001c70| 79 6f 75 72 20 73 75 70 | 70 6f 72 74 2e 00 00 04 |your sup|port....|
|00001c80| c0 56 53 45 50 52 70 6c | 65 78 20 50 52 49 43 45 |.VSEPRpl|ex PRICE|
|00001c90| 20 4c 49 53 54 0d 4e 6f | 76 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 | LIST.No|vember 1|
|00001ca0| 39 39 34 0d 0d 0d 56 53 | 45 50 52 70 6c 65 78 20 |994...VS|EPRplex |
|00001cb0| 69 73 20 61 76 61 69 6c | 61 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 |is avail|able for|
|00001cc0| 20 4d 69 63 72 6f 73 6f | 66 74 20 57 69 6e 64 6f | Microso|ft Windo|
|00001cd0| 77 73 2c 20 41 70 70 6c | 65 20 4d 61 63 69 6e 74 |ws, Appl|e Macint|
|00001ce0| 6f 73 68 20 61 6e 64 20 | 41 70 70 6c 65 20 50 6f |osh and |Apple Po|
|00001cf0| 77 65 72 20 4d 61 63 69 | 6e 74 6f 73 68 2e 0d 0d |wer Maci|ntosh...|
|00001d00| 0d 53 54 55 44 45 4e 54 | 53 20 41 4e 44 20 4f 54 |.STUDENT|S AND OT|
|00001d10| 48 45 52 20 50 45 52 53 | 4f 4e 53 0d 0d 50 52 49 |HER PERS|ONS..PRI|
|00001d20| 43 45 20 3d 20 24 33 30 | 20 43 4e 44 2f 24 32 34 |CE = $30| CND/$24|
|00001d30| 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 66 6f | 72 20 65 61 63 68 20 70 | U.S. fo|r each p|
|00001d40| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 2e 0d | 0d 0d 48 49 47 48 20 53 |ackage..|..HIGH S|
|00001d50| 43 48 4f 4f 4c 53 2c 20 | 43 4f 4c 4c 45 47 45 53 |CHOOLS, |COLLEGES|
|00001d60| 2c 20 55 4e 49 56 45 52 | 53 49 54 49 45 53 2c 20 |, UNIVER|SITIES, |
|00001d70| 45 54 43 2e 0d 0d 50 52 | 49 43 45 20 3d 20 24 31 |ETC...PR|ICE = $1|
|00001d80| 30 30 20 43 4e 44 2f 24 | 38 30 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 |00 CND/$|80 U.S. |
|00001d90| 66 6f 72 20 69 6e 69 74 | 69 61 6c 20 70 61 63 6b |for init|ial pack|
|00001da0| 61 67 65 20 2b 20 24 32 | 30 20 43 4e 44 2f 24 31 |age + $2|0 CND/$1|
|00001db0| 36 20 55 2e 53 2e 20 70 | 65 72 20 61 64 64 69 74 |6 U.S. p|er addit|
|00001dc0| 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 63 6f | 70 79 2e 0d 0d 41 6c 74 |ional co|py...Alt|
|00001dd0| 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 | 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |ernative|ly, the |
|00001de0| 72 69 67 68 74 20 74 6f | 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 |right to| use the|
|00001df0| 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 | 65 20 6f 6e 20 61 6e 79 | softwar|e on any|
|00001e00| 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 | number |of compu|
|00001e10| 74 65 72 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ters wit|hin the |
|00001e20| 70 75 72 63 68 61 73 69 | 6e 67 20 64 65 70 61 72 |purchasi|ng depar|
|00001e30| 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 68 |tment of| the sch|
|00001e40| 6f 6f 6c 20 6f 72 20 69 | 6e 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 |ool or i|nstituti|
|00001e50| 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 6f 62 74 61 69 6e |on can b|e obtain|
|00001e60| 65 64 2e 0d 0d 50 52 49 | 43 45 20 66 6f 72 20 55 |ed...PRI|CE for U|
|00001e70| 6e 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 | 20 53 69 74 65 20 4c 69 |nlimited| Site Li|
|00001e80| 63 65 6e 63 65 20 3d 20 | 24 34 30 30 20 43 4e 44 |cence = |$400 CND|
|00001e90| 2f 24 33 32 30 20 55 2e | 53 2e 0d 0d 0d 53 43 48 |/$320 U.|S....SCH|
|00001ea0| 4f 4f 4c 20 42 4f 41 52 | 44 53 2c 20 50 52 4f 56 |OOL BOAR|DS, PROV|
|00001eb0| 49 4e 43 49 41 4c 2f 53 | 54 41 54 45 20 4d 49 4e |INCIAL/S|TATE MIN|
|00001ec0| 49 53 54 52 49 45 53 2c | 20 45 54 43 0d 0d 50 52 |ISTRIES,| ETC..PR|
|00001ed0| 49 43 45 20 66 6f 72 20 | 61 6e 79 20 6c 61 72 67 |ICE for |any larg|
|00001ee0| 65 72 20 6c 69 63 65 6e | 63 65 20 69 73 20 6e 65 |er licen|ce is ne|
|00001ef0| 67 6f 74 69 61 62 6c 65 | 20 28 61 6e 64 20 77 6f |gotiable| (and wo|
|00001f00| 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 66 | 61 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 |uld be f|ar more |
|00001f10| 63 6f 73 74 20 65 66 66 | 65 63 74 69 76 65 29 2e |cost eff|ective).|
|00001f20| 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 | Please| contact|
|00001f30| 20 4c 6f 67 6f 73 20 53 | 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 | Logos S|oftware |
|00001f40| 66 6f 72 20 66 75 72 74 | 68 65 72 20 64 65 74 61 |for furt|her deta|
|00001f50| 69 6c 73 2e 0d 0d 0d 49 | 4d 50 4f 52 54 41 4e 54 |ils....I|MPORTANT|
|00001f60| 3a 20 20 4f 6e 74 61 72 | 69 6f 20 63 75 73 74 6f |: Ontar|io custo|
|00001f70| 6d 65 72 73 2c 20 70 6c | 65 61 73 65 20 61 64 64 |mers, pl|ease add|
|00001f80| 20 38 25 20 74 6f 20 61 | 6c 6c 20 70 72 69 63 65 | 8% to a|ll price|
|00001f90| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 6e 63 69 61 6c |s for pr|ovincial|
|00001fa0| 20 73 61 6c 65 73 20 74 | 61 78 2e 20 20 54 68 69 | sales t|ax. Thi|
|00001fb0| 73 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 |s produc|t is not|
|00001fc0| 20 73 75 62 6a 65 63 74 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | subject| to the |
|00001fd0| 43 61 6e 61 64 69 61 6e | 20 67 6f 6f 64 73 20 61 |Canadian| goods a|
|00001fe0| 6e 64 20 73 65 72 76 69 | 63 65 73 20 74 61 78 2e |nd servi|ces tax.|
|00001ff0| 0d 0d 41 6c 6c 20 6f 72 | 64 65 72 73 20 73 68 6f |..All or|ders sho|
|00002000| 75 6c 64 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 66 79 20 74 68 65 20 |uld spec|ify the |
|00002010| 64 65 73 69 72 65 64 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 |desired |package |
|00002020| 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 28 73 | 29 20 28 61 6e 64 2c 20 |option(s|) (and, |
|00002030| 77 68 65 72 65 20 61 70 | 70 72 6f 70 72 69 61 74 |where ap|propriat|
|00002040| 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 |e, the n|umber of|
|00002050| 20 63 6f 70 69 65 73 29 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | copies)| and the|
|00002060| 20 70 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 | 6d 28 73 29 2e 20 20 4d | platfor|m(s). M|
|00002070| 61 6b 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 63 68 65 71 75 65 73 2c |ake all |cheques,|
|00002080| 20 6d 6f 6e 65 79 20 6f | 72 64 65 72 73 20 6f 72 | money o|rders or|
|00002090| 20 70 75 72 63 68 61 73 | 65 20 6f 72 64 65 72 73 | purchas|e orders|
|000020a0| 20 70 61 79 61 62 6c 65 | 20 74 6f 20 4c 6f 67 6f | payable| to Logo|
|000020b0| 73 20 53 6f 66 74 77 61 | 72 65 2e 20 20 53 65 6e |s Softwa|re. Sen|
|000020c0| 64 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 72 | 64 65 72 73 20 74 6f 3a |d all or|ders to:|
|000020d0| 0d 0d 4c 6f 67 6f 73 20 | 20 53 6f 66 74 77 61 72 |..Logos | Softwar|
|000020e0| 65 0d 34 33 20 4e 65 77 | 63 6f 75 72 74 20 50 6c |e.43 New|court Pl|
|000020f0| 61 63 65 0d 4b 69 6e 67 | 73 74 6f 6e 2c 20 4f 6e |ace.King|ston, On|
|00002100| 74 61 72 69 6f 0d 43 61 | 6e 61 64 61 20 20 4b 37 |tario.Ca|nada K7|
|00002110| 4d 20 36 59 31 0d 28 36 | 31 33 29 20 35 34 36 2d |M 6Y1.(6|13) 546-|
|00002120| 34 38 31 38 0d 0d 54 68 | 61 6e 6b 20 79 6f 75 20 |4818..Th|ank you |
|00002130| 66 6f 72 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 |for your| support|
|00002140| 2e 00 00 1e fa 54 55 54 | 4f 52 49 41 4c 0d 0d 0d |.....TUT|ORIAL...|
|00002150| 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c | The| molecul|
|00002160| 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 | 6d 6f 64 65 6c 6c 65 64 |e to be |modelled|
|00002170| 20 69 73 20 77 61 74 65 | 72 20 28 48 32 4f 29 2c | is wate|r (H2O),|
|00002180| 20 61 20 73 75 62 73 74 | 61 6e 63 65 20 66 61 6d | a subst|ance fam|
|00002190| 69 6c 69 61 72 20 74 6f | 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f 6e |iliar to| everyon|
|000021a0| 65 2e 20 20 42 65 66 6f | 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d |e. Befo|re the m|
|000021b0| 6f 64 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |odelling| process|
|000021c0| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 67 | 69 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | can beg|in, the |
|000021d0| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | d5 73 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 |molecule|.s formu|
|000021e0| 6c 61 20 68 61 73 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 65 6e 74 |la has t|o be ent|
|000021f0| 65 72 65 64 2e 20 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 |ered. T|his is a|
|00002200| 63 68 69 65 76 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 73 65 6c 65 63 |chieved |by selec|
|00002210| 74 69 6e 67 20 65 6c 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 69 6e |ting ele|ments in|
|00002220| 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 61 | 70 70 72 6f 70 72 69 61 | their a|ppropria|
|00002230| 74 65 20 71 75 61 6e 74 | 69 74 69 65 73 20 66 72 |te quant|ities fr|
|00002240| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 65 72 69 6f 64 69 63 20 |om the p|eriodic |
|00002250| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 6c 65 |table of| the ele|
|00002260| 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 70 65 72 69 |ments. |The peri|
|00002270| 6f 64 69 63 20 74 61 62 | 6c 65 20 69 73 20 66 6f |odic tab|le is fo|
|00002280| 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 46 6f 72 6d 75 |und in t|he Formu|
|00002290| 6c 61 20 77 69 6e 64 6f | 77 2e 20 20 45 61 63 68 |la windo|w. Each|
|000022a0| 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | element| on the |
|000022b0| 70 65 72 69 6f 64 69 63 | 20 74 61 62 6c 65 20 69 |periodic| table i|
|000022c0| 73 20 61 20 22 62 75 74 | 74 6f 6e 2c 22 20 77 68 |s a "but|ton," wh|
|000022d0| 69 63 68 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 73 65 6c 65 63 |ich can |be selec|
|000022e0| 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 75 |ted with| the mou|
|000022f0| 73 65 2e 20 20 43 6c 69 | 63 6b 20 74 77 69 63 65 |se. Cli|ck twice|
|00002300| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 48 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e | on the |Hydrogen|
|00002310| 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | button |with the|
|00002320| 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 20 62 | 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e 20 20 | mouse b|utton. |
|00002330| 54 68 69 73 20 69 6e 73 | 65 72 74 73 20 74 77 6f |This ins|erts two|
|00002340| 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 20 6f | 66 20 68 79 64 72 6f 67 | atoms o|f hydrog|
|00002350| 65 6e 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d |en into |the form|
|00002360| 75 6c 61 2e 20 20 43 6c | 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 63 65 |ula. Cl|ick once|
|00002370| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 4f 78 79 67 65 6e 20 62 | on the |Oxygen b|
|00002380| 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 6d |utton wi|th the m|
|00002390| 6f 75 73 65 20 62 75 74 | 74 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 |ouse but|ton. Th|
|000023a0| 69 73 20 69 6e 73 65 72 | 74 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 61 |is inser|ts one a|
|000023b0| 74 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 6f | 78 79 67 65 6e 2e 20 20 |tom of o|xygen. |
|000023c0| 54 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d | 75 6c 61 20 6e 6f 77 20 |The form|ula now |
|000023d0| 72 65 61 64 73 20 22 48 | 32 4f 22 20 69 6e 20 74 |reads "H|2O" in t|
|000023e0| 68 65 20 46 6f 72 6d 75 | 6c 61 20 77 69 6e 64 6f |he Formu|la windo|
|000023f0| 77 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 41 20 64 65 6c 65 74 |w... | A delet|
|00002400| 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 61 76 |e functi|on is av|
|00002410| 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 6d 61 6b 69 |ailable |for maki|
|00002420| 6e 67 20 63 6f 72 72 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 |ng corre|ctions t|
|00002430| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f | 72 6d 75 6c 61 2e 20 20 |o the fo|rmula. |
|00002440| 49 6e 73 65 72 74 20 61 | 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 |Insert a| second |
|00002450| 6f 78 79 67 65 6e 20 61 | 74 6f 6d 20 69 6e 74 6f |oxygen a|tom into|
|00002460| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 75 6c 61 2e 20 20 54 | the for|mula. T|
|00002470| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 | 6c 61 20 6e 6f 77 20 72 |he formu|la now r|
|00002480| 65 61 64 73 20 22 48 32 | 4f 32 2e 22 20 20 48 6f |eads "H2|O2." Ho|
|00002490| 6c 64 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 53 68 69 66 |ld down |the Shif|
|000024a0| 74 20 6b 65 79 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6c 69 63 6b |t key, a|nd click|
|000024b0| 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 4f 78 79 | once on| the Oxy|
|000024c0| 67 65 6e 20 62 75 74 74 | 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |gen butt|on with |
|000024d0| 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 75 73 | 65 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e |the mous|e button|
|000024e0| 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 73 20 |. This |removes |
|000024f0| 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f | 6e 64 20 61 74 6f 6d 20 |the seco|nd atom |
|00002500| 6f 66 20 6f 78 79 67 65 | 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 |of oxyge|n from t|
|00002510| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 | 6c 61 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 |he formu|la... |
|00002520| 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 | 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 | It is |possible|
|00002530| 20 74 6f 20 69 6f 6e 69 | 7a 65 20 28 69 2e 65 2e | to ioni|ze (i.e.|
|00002540| 2c 20 70 6c 61 63 65 20 | 61 20 63 68 61 72 67 65 |, place |a charge|
|00002550| 20 6f 6e 29 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c | on) the| molecul|
|00002560| 65 2e 20 20 54 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 74 |e. To t|he right|
|00002570| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 65 72 69 6f 64 69 63 | of the |periodic|
|00002580| 20 74 61 62 6c 65 20 61 | 72 65 20 74 77 6f 20 49 | table a|re two I|
|00002590| 6f 6e 20 62 75 74 74 6f | 6e 73 2e 20 20 43 6c 69 |on butto|ns. Cli|
|000025a0| 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 50 6f 73 69 74 69 |ck on th|e Positi|
|000025b0| 76 65 20 49 6f 6e 20 62 | 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 74 68 |ve Ion b|utton th|
|000025c0| 72 65 65 20 74 69 6d 65 | 73 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 |ree time|s. This|
|000025d0| 20 67 69 76 65 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 | gives t|he formu|
|000025e0| 6c 61 20 61 20 63 68 61 | 72 67 65 20 6f 66 20 2b |la a cha|rge of +|
|000025f0| 33 2e 20 20 43 6c 69 63 | 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |3. Clic|k on the|
|00002600| 20 4e 65 67 61 74 69 76 | 65 20 49 6f 6e 20 62 75 | Negativ|e Ion bu|
|00002610| 74 74 6f 6e 20 74 68 72 | 65 65 20 74 69 6d 65 73 |tton thr|ee times|
|00002620| 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 74 68 |. This |makes th|
|00002630| 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 |e water |molecule|
|00002640| 20 6e 65 75 74 72 61 6c | 20 61 67 61 69 6e 2c 20 | neutral| again, |
|00002650| 61 73 20 69 74 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 2e |as it sh|ould be.|
|00002660| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 41 | 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 |.. A|t this p|
|00002670| 6f 69 6e 74 2c 20 69 74 | 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 66 |oint, it| is usef|
|00002680| 75 6c 20 74 6f 20 76 69 | 65 77 20 61 74 74 72 69 |ul to vi|ew attri|
|00002690| 62 75 74 65 20 64 61 74 | 61 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |bute dat|a for th|
|000026a0| 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e | 74 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |e elemen|ts in th|
|000026b0| 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c | 61 2e 20 20 55 73 65 20 |e formul|a. Use |
|000026c0| 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 75 73 | 65 20 74 6f 20 70 75 6c |the mous|e to pul|
|000026d0| 6c 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 54 65 78 74 73 |l down t|he Texts|
|000026e0| 20 6d 65 6e 75 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 65 6c 65 63 | menu, a|nd selec|
|000026f0| 74 20 74 68 65 20 45 6c | 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 41 74 |t the El|ement At|
|00002700| 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 73 | 20 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 |tributes| item. |
|00002710| 54 68 69 73 20 64 69 73 | 70 6c 61 79 73 20 74 68 |This dis|plays th|
|00002720| 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e | 74 20 61 74 74 72 69 62 |e elemen|t attrib|
|00002730| 75 74 65 73 20 28 65 2e | 67 2e 2c 20 63 6f 76 61 |utes (e.|g., cova|
|00002740| 6c 65 6e 74 20 72 61 64 | 69 75 73 2c 20 65 6c 65 |lent rad|ius, ele|
|00002750| 63 74 72 6f 6e 65 67 61 | 74 69 76 69 74 79 2c 20 |ctronega|tivity, |
|00002760| 65 74 63 2e 29 20 66 6f | 72 20 68 79 64 72 6f 67 |etc.) fo|r hydrog|
|00002770| 65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 78 79 67 65 6e 20 69 6e |en and o|xygen in|
|00002780| 20 74 68 65 20 54 65 78 | 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 | the Tex|t window|
|00002790| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 73 65 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 |. These| values |
|000027a0| 61 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 56 53 45 50 |are used| by VSEP|
|000027b0| 52 70 6c 65 78 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 69 74 20 63 61 |Rplex wh|en it ca|
|000027c0| 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 72 |lculates| the str|
|000027d0| 75 63 74 75 72 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |ucture o|f the mo|
|000027e0| 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 61 74 74 |lecule. | The att|
|000027f0| 72 69 62 75 74 65 20 64 | 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 6d |ribute d|ata is m|
|00002800| 61 64 65 20 61 76 61 69 | 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f |ade avai|lable to|
|00002810| 20 65 6e 63 6f 75 72 61 | 67 65 20 75 73 65 72 73 | encoura|ge users|
|00002820| 20 74 6f 20 70 65 72 66 | 6f 72 6d 20 74 68 65 20 | to perf|orm the |
|00002830| 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 | 61 6c 20 63 61 6c 63 75 |structur|al calcu|
|00002840| 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 62 79 20 68 61 6e 64 2e |lations |by hand.|
|00002850| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 61 63 74 75 61 |.. T|he actua|
|00002860| 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 6c | 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f 77 20 |l modell|ing now |
|00002870| 62 65 67 69 6e 73 2e 20 | 20 54 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |begins. | To the |
|00002880| 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 72 69 | 67 68 74 20 6f 66 20 74 |lower ri|ght of t|
|00002890| 68 65 20 70 65 72 69 6f | 64 69 63 20 74 61 62 6c |he perio|dic tabl|
|000028a0| 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 4d | 6f 64 65 6c 20 62 75 74 |e is a M|odel but|
|000028b0| 74 6f 6e 2e 20 20 43 6c | 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 |ton. Cl|ick on t|
|000028c0| 68 65 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c | 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e |he Model| button.|
|000028d0| 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 | 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 73 | This i|nstructs|
|000028e0| 20 56 53 45 50 52 70 6c | 65 78 20 74 6f 20 61 6e | VSEPRpl|ex to an|
|000028f0| 61 6c 79 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c |alyse th|e formul|
|00002900| 61 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 | 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 77 |a to det|ermine w|
|00002910| 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 69 | 74 20 73 61 74 69 73 66 |hether i|t satisf|
|00002920| 69 65 73 20 56 53 45 50 | 52 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 |ies VSEP|R theory|
|00002930| 2e 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e |. If th|e elemen|
|00002940| 74 73 2c 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 67 69 76 |ts, in t|heir giv|
|00002950| 65 6e 20 71 75 61 6e 74 | 69 74 69 65 73 2c 20 61 |en quant|ities, a|
|00002960| 72 65 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d | 70 61 74 69 62 6c 65 2c |re incom|patible,|
|00002970| 20 61 20 77 69 6e 64 6f | 77 20 6f 70 65 6e 73 20 | a windo|w opens |
|00002980| 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 75 6e 69 63 61 74 65 73 |and comm|unicates|
|00002990| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 | the pro|blem and|
|000029a0| 20 61 20 73 6f 6c 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 53 69 | a solut|ion. Si|
|000029b0| 6e 63 65 20 22 48 32 4f | 22 20 69 73 20 61 20 76 |nce "H2O|" is a v|
|000029c0| 61 6c 69 64 20 63 6f 6d | 62 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e |alid com|bination|
|000029d0| 20 6f 66 20 65 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 74 68 | of elem|ents, th|
|000029e0| 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 |e progra|m accept|
|000029f0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 6c 65 63 75 6c 61 72 20 |s the mo|lecular |
|00002a00| 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 73 |formula,| and dis|
|00002a10| 70 6c 61 79 73 20 73 74 | 72 75 63 74 75 72 61 6c |plays st|ructural|
|00002a20| 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 77 | calcula|tions (w|
|00002a30| 68 69 63 68 20 6f 75 74 | 6c 69 6e 65 20 68 6f 77 |hich out|line how|
|00002a40| 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 61 | 70 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | the sha|pe of th|
|00002a50| 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 65 20 77 61 73 20 64 |e molecu|le was d|
|00002a60| 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 | 64 29 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |etermine|d) in th|
|00002a70| 65 20 54 65 78 74 20 77 | 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 20 20 |e Text w|indow. |
|00002a80| 41 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2c | 20 61 20 74 77 6f 2d 64 |As well,| a two-d|
|00002a90| 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 73 6b 65 6c 65 |imension|al skele|
|00002aa0| 74 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 20 69 73 20 64 69 73 |tal mode|l is dis|
|00002ab0| 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4d 6f |played i|n the Mo|
|00002ac0| 64 65 6c 20 77 69 6e 64 | 6f 77 2e 20 20 54 68 69 |del wind|ow. Thi|
|00002ad0| 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 73 |s is the| simples|
|00002ae0| 74 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 46 |t model.|.. F|
|00002af0| 6f 75 72 20 64 69 66 66 | 65 72 65 6e 74 20 6d 6f |our diff|erent mo|
|00002b00| 64 65 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 |dels of |the mole|
|00002b10| 63 75 6c 65 20 61 72 65 | 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 |cule are| availab|
|00002b20| 6c 65 3a 20 20 73 6b 65 | 6c 65 74 61 6c 2c 20 4c |le: ske|letal, L|
|00002b30| 65 77 69 73 2c 20 76 65 | 63 74 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 |ewis, ve|ctor and|
|00002b40| 20 73 70 61 63 65 2d 66 | 69 6c 6c 69 6e 67 2e 20 | space-f|illing. |
|00002b50| 20 50 75 6c 6c 20 64 6f | 77 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4d | Pull do|wn the M|
|00002b60| 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 6d 65 | 6e 75 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |odels me|nu and s|
|00002b70| 65 6c 65 63 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 4c 65 77 69 73 20 |elect th|e Lewis |
|00002b80| 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 73 6b 65 6c 65 |item. T|he skele|
|00002b90| 74 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 20 69 73 20 72 65 70 |tal mode|l is rep|
|00002ba0| 6c 61 63 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 61 20 6d 6f 72 |laced wi|th a mor|
|00002bb0| 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 69 76 65 20 4c 65 |e inform|ative Le|
|00002bc0| 77 69 73 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |wis mode|l. The |
|00002bd0| 4c 65 77 69 73 20 6d 6f | 64 65 6c 20 69 73 20 61 |Lewis mo|del is a|
|00002be0| 6c 73 6f 20 74 77 6f 2d | 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f |lso two-|dimensio|
|00002bf0| 6e 61 6c 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 75 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 |nal, but| unlike |
|00002c00| 74 68 65 20 73 6b 65 6c | 65 74 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 |the skel|etal mod|
|00002c10| 65 6c 2c 20 69 74 20 72 | 65 76 65 61 6c 73 20 6c |el, it r|eveals l|
|00002c20| 6f 6e 65 20 70 61 69 72 | 73 2c 20 61 73 20 77 65 |one pair|s, as we|
|00002c30| 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 61 |ll as th|e alloca|
|00002c40| 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 79 70 65 73 20 6f |tion and| types o|
|00002c50| 66 20 62 6f 6e 64 73 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d |f bonds |in the m|
|00002c60| 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e | 20 20 4e 6f 74 69 63 65 |olecule.| Notice|
|00002c70| 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 65 | 73 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 | how the|se detai|
|00002c80| 6c 73 20 72 65 6c 61 74 | 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |ls relat|e to the|
|00002c90| 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 | 72 61 6c 20 63 61 6c 63 | structu|ral calc|
|00002ca0| 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ulations| in the |
|00002cb0| 54 65 78 74 20 77 69 6e | 64 6f 77 2e 20 20 54 68 |Text win|dow. Th|
|00002cc0| 65 20 74 77 6f 20 72 65 | 6d 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 |e two re|maining |
|00002cd0| 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 74 68 72 65 65 |models a|re three|
|00002ce0| 2d 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 2e 20 20 49 |-dimensi|onal. I|
|00002cf0| 67 6e 6f 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 |gnore th|e vector|
|00002d00| 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 20 66 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 74 | model f|or the t|
|00002d10| 69 6d 65 2d 62 65 69 6e | 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |ime-bein|g, and s|
|00002d20| 65 6c 65 63 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 53 70 61 63 65 2d |elect th|e Space-|
|00002d30| 66 69 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 4f |filling |item. O|
|00002d40| 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 |f all th|e models|
|00002d50| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 | 61 63 65 2d 66 69 6c 6c |, the sp|ace-fill|
|00002d60| 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 20 62 65 73 74 20 73 |ing mode|l best s|
|00002d70| 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 65 73 | 20 72 65 61 6c 69 74 79 |imulates| reality|
|00002d80| 3b 20 69 74 20 70 6c 6f | 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 |; it plo|ts the a|
|00002d90| 72 72 61 6e 67 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 61 74 |rrangeme|nt of at|
|00002da0| 6f 6d 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 |oms in t|he molec|
|00002db0| 75 6c 65 2c 20 75 73 69 | 6e 67 20 74 72 75 65 20 |ule, usi|ng true |
|00002dc0| 61 74 6f 6d 69 63 20 72 | 61 64 69 69 20 61 6e 64 |atomic r|adii and|
|00002dd0| 20 62 6f 6e 64 20 64 69 | 73 74 61 6e 63 65 73 2e | bond di|stances.|
|00002de0| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 41 | 6e 79 20 74 68 72 65 65 |.. A|ny three|
|00002df0| 2d 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 |-dimensi|onal mod|
|00002e00| 65 6c 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 72 6f 74 61 74 65 |el can b|e rotate|
|00002e10| 64 2c 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 62 79 20 70 65 72 6d 69 |d, there|by permi|
|00002e20| 74 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 75 73 65 72 20 74 |tting th|e user t|
|00002e30| 6f 20 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |o explor|e the mo|
|00002e40| 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 27 73 | 20 73 68 61 70 65 20 69 |lecule's| shape i|
|00002e50| 6e 20 69 74 73 20 65 6e | 74 69 72 65 74 79 2e 20 |n its en|tirety. |
|00002e60| 20 52 6f 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | Rotatio|ns can b|
|00002e70| 65 20 61 63 68 69 65 76 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |e achiev|ed with |
|00002e80| 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 75 73 | 65 20 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |the mous|e or the|
|00002e90| 20 6b 65 79 62 6f 61 72 | 64 2e 20 20 54 72 79 20 | keyboar|d. Try |
|00002ea0| 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 20 |using th|e mouse |
|00002eb0| 66 69 72 73 74 2c 20 61 | 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |first, a|s follow|
|00002ec0| 73 2e 20 20 50 6f 73 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |s. Posi|tion the|
|00002ed0| 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 65 | pointer| somewhe|
|00002ee0| 72 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 20 |re in th|e Model |
|00002ef0| 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 22 61 72 |window. | The "ar|
|00002f00| 72 6f 77 22 20 28 74 68 | 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 |row" (th|e pointe|
|00002f10| 72 29 20 62 65 63 6f 6d | 65 73 20 61 20 22 68 61 |r) becom|es a "ha|
|00002f20| 6e 64 2c 22 20 69 6e 64 | 69 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |nd," ind|icating |
|00002f30| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 20 63 |that the| model c|
|00002f40| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 72 6f | 74 61 74 65 64 2e 20 20 |an be ro|tated. |
|00002f50| 48 6f 6c 64 20 64 6f 77 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |Hold dow|n the mo|
|00002f60| 75 73 65 20 62 75 74 74 | 6f 6e 20 73 6f 20 61 73 |use butt|on so as|
|00002f70| 20 74 6f 20 22 67 72 61 | 62 22 20 74 68 65 20 6d | to "gra|b" the m|
|00002f80| 6f 64 65 6c 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 74 68 65 20 68 61 |odel wit|h the ha|
|00002f90| 6e 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 6e 20 64 72 61 |nd, and |then dra|
|00002fa0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 75 73 65 2e 20 20 54 68 |g the mo|use. Th|
|00002fb0| 65 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 | 75 6c 61 72 20 72 6f 74 |e partic|ular rot|
|00002fc0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 68 61 73 20 6f |ation th|at has o|
|00002fd0| 63 63 75 72 72 65 64 20 | 77 61 73 20 64 65 74 65 |ccurred |was dete|
|00002fe0| 72 6d 69 6e 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 |rmined b|y where |
|00002ff0| 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 20 77 61 73 20 67 72 |the mode|l was gr|
|00003000| 61 62 62 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 62 79 20 68 6f 77 |abbed an|d by how|
|00003010| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 75 | 73 65 20 77 61 73 20 64 | the mou|se was d|
|00003020| 72 61 67 67 65 64 2e 20 | 20 54 61 6b 65 20 61 20 |ragged. | Take a |
|00003030| 6d 6f 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 | 6f 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 |moment t|o experi|
|00003040| 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |ment wit|h other |
|00003050| 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 69 6e 20 61 20 73 |rotation|s in a s|
|00003060| 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 66 | 61 73 68 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |imilar f|ashion. |
|00003070| 20 4e 6f 77 20 74 72 79 | 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 | Now try| using t|
|00003080| 68 65 20 6b 65 79 62 6f | 61 72 64 20 74 6f 20 70 |he keybo|ard to p|
|00003090| 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 73 | 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 6b |roduce s|imilar k|
|000030a0| 69 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 20 | 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |inds of |rotation|
|000030b0| 73 2e 20 20 50 72 65 73 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 55 70 |s. Pres|s the Up|
|000030c0| 20 41 72 72 6f 77 20 6b | 65 79 20 73 65 76 65 72 | Arrow k|ey sever|
|000030d0| 61 6c 20 74 69 6d 65 73 | 2e 20 20 41 20 72 6f 74 |al times|. A rot|
|000030e0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 68 61 | 73 20 6f 63 63 75 72 72 |ation ha|s occurr|
|000030f0| 65 64 20 61 62 6f 75 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 78 2d 61 |ed about| the x-a|
|00003100| 78 69 73 2e 20 20 54 72 | 79 20 70 72 65 73 73 69 |xis. Tr|y pressi|
|00003110| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 41 72 72 |ng the o|ther Arr|
|00003120| 6f 77 20 6b 65 79 73 20 | 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2e |ow keys |as well.|
|00003130| 20 20 4f 74 68 65 72 20 | 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | Other |rotation|
|00003140| 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 6f | 63 63 75 72 72 65 64 20 |s have o|ccurred |
|00003150| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 69 6e 63 69 |about th|e princi|
|00003160| 70 61 6c 20 61 78 65 73 | 2e 20 20 46 69 6e 61 6c |pal axes|. Final|
|00003170| 6c 79 2c 20 68 6f 6c 64 | 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 |ly, hold| down th|
|00003180| 65 20 53 68 69 66 74 20 | 6b 65 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 |e Shift |key, and|
|00003190| 20 74 68 65 6e 20 70 72 | 65 73 73 20 61 6e 79 20 | then pr|ess any |
|000031a0| 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 41 72 72 6f 77 |one of t|he Arrow|
|000031b0| 20 6b 65 79 73 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 | keys. |The mode|
|000031c0| 6c 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 77 | 20 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6e |l is now| rotatin|
|000031d0| 67 20 66 72 65 65 6c 79 | 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 61 |g freely| about a|
|000031e0| 20 70 72 69 6e 63 69 70 | 61 6c 20 61 78 69 73 2e | princip|al axis.|
|000031f0| 20 20 53 74 6f 70 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 6e 69 6d 61 | Stop t|he anima|
|00003200| 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67 |tion by |pressing|
|00003210| 20 61 6e 79 20 41 72 72 | 6f 77 20 6b 65 79 20 6f | any Arr|ow key o|
|00003220| 72 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 69 | 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |r clicki|ng in th|
|00003230| 65 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 20 | 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 20 75 |e Model |window u|
|00003240| 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 2e 0d |sing the| mouse..|
|00003250| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 41 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |. A |number o|
|00003260| 66 20 73 65 74 74 69 6e | 67 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 |f settin|gs are a|
|00003270| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |vailable|, which |
|00003280| 61 6c 6c 6f 77 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 |allow th|e displa|
|00003290| 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 72 | 65 65 2d 64 69 6d 65 6e |y of thr|ee-dimen|
|000032a0| 73 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d | 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 74 6f |sional m|odels to|
|000032b0| 20 62 65 20 63 75 73 74 | 6f 6d 69 7a 65 64 2e 20 | be cust|omized. |
|000032c0| 20 50 75 6c 6c 20 64 6f | 77 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4d | Pull do|wn the M|
|000032d0| 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 6d 65 | 6e 75 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |odels me|nu, and |
|000032e0| 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 33 2d 44 20 53 |select t|he 3-D S|
|000032f0| 65 74 74 69 6e 67 73 20 | 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 54 |ettings |item. T|
|00003300| 68 69 73 20 6f 70 65 6e | 73 20 74 68 65 20 33 2d |his open|s the 3-|
|00003310| 44 20 53 65 74 74 69 6e | 67 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f |D Settin|gs windo|
|00003320| 77 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e |w, which| contain|
|00003330| 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f | 6e 74 72 6f 6c 73 20 66 |s the co|ntrols f|
|00003340| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 76 | 61 72 69 6f 75 73 20 6d |or the v|arious m|
|00003350| 6f 64 65 6c 20 73 65 74 | 74 69 6e 67 73 2e 20 20 |odel set|tings. |
|00003360| 54 77 6f 20 66 72 61 6d | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 72 65 |Two fram|es of re|
|00003370| 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 | 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 69 |ference |can be i|
|00003380| 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 72 65 65 |ncluded |in three|
|00003390| 2d 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 |-dimensi|onal mod|
|000033a0| 65 6c 20 64 69 73 70 6c | 61 79 73 2c 20 74 68 65 |el displ|ays, the|
|000033b0| 73 65 20 62 65 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 76 69 72 |se being| the vir|
|000033c0| 74 75 61 6c 20 73 70 68 | 65 72 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |tual sph|ere and |
|000033d0| 74 68 65 20 78 79 7a 2d | 61 78 65 73 2e 20 20 46 |the xyz-|axes. F|
|000033e0| 69 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 68 6f 77 20 56 69 72 |ind the |Show Vir|
|000033f0| 74 75 61 6c 20 53 70 68 | 65 72 65 20 63 68 65 63 |tual Sph|ere chec|
|00003400| 6b 20 62 6f 78 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 77 69 6e |k box in| the win|
|00003410| 64 6f 77 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 |dow. Th|e check |
|00003420| 62 6f 78 20 69 73 20 22 | 63 68 65 63 6b 65 64 22 |box is "|checked"|
|00003430| 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 | 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 | (i.e., |there is|
|00003440| 20 61 6e 20 22 78 22 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 | an "x" |in the b|
|00003450| 6f 78 29 2c 20 6d 65 61 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 |ox), mea|ning tha|
|00003460| 74 20 74 68 65 20 76 69 | 72 74 75 61 6c 20 73 70 |t the vi|rtual sp|
|00003470| 68 65 72 65 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 62 65 20 70 72 65 |here wil|l be pre|
|00003480| 73 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 | 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 72 65 |sent in |all thre|
|00003490| 65 2d 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d 6f |e-dimens|ional mo|
|000034a0| 64 65 6c 20 64 69 73 70 | 6c 61 79 73 2e 20 20 54 |del disp|lays. T|
|000034b0| 68 65 20 76 69 72 74 75 | 61 6c 20 73 70 68 65 72 |he virtu|al spher|
|000034c0| 65 20 69 73 2c 20 66 6f | 72 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e |e is, fo|r instan|
|000034d0| 63 65 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |ce, incl|uded in |
|000034e0| 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 70 | 6c 61 79 20 6f 66 20 74 |the disp|lay of t|
|000034f0| 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 | 6e 74 20 73 70 61 63 65 |he curre|nt space|
|00003500| 2d 66 69 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2e 20 |-filling| model. |
|00003510| 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 53 68 | Click o|n the Sh|
|00003520| 6f 77 20 56 69 72 74 75 | 61 6c 20 53 70 68 65 72 |ow Virtu|al Spher|
|00003530| 65 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 | 62 6f 78 2e 20 20 54 68 |e check |box. Th|
|00003540| 69 73 20 64 69 73 61 62 | 6c 65 73 20 28 6f 72 20 |is disab|les (or |
|00003550| 22 68 69 64 65 73 22 29 | 20 74 68 65 20 76 69 72 |"hides")| the vir|
|00003560| 74 75 61 6c 20 73 70 68 | 65 72 65 2e 20 20 54 68 |tual sph|ere. Th|
|00003570| 65 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 | 62 6f 78 20 69 73 20 6e |e check |box is n|
|00003580| 6f 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 | 20 63 68 65 63 6b 65 64 |o longer| checked|
|00003590| 2e 20 20 46 69 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 53 68 6f 77 |. Find |the Show|
|000035a0| 20 78 79 7a 2d 41 78 65 | 73 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 | xyz-Axe|s check |
|000035b0| 62 6f 78 2e 20 20 44 69 | 73 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 |box. Di|sable th|
|000035c0| 69 73 20 73 65 74 74 69 | 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |is setti|ng in th|
|000035d0| 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 77 | 61 79 2e 20 20 43 6c 69 |e same w|ay. Cli|
|000035e0| 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 4f 4b 20 62 75 74 |ck on th|e OK but|
|000035f0| 74 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 6d | 61 6b 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 |ton to m|ake all |
|00003600| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 68 61 6e 67 65 73 20 74 |of the c|hanges t|
|00003610| 61 6b 65 20 65 66 66 65 | 63 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |ake effe|ct. The|
|00003620| 20 76 69 72 74 75 61 6c | 20 73 70 68 65 72 65 20 | virtual| sphere |
|00003630| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 78 79 7a 2d 61 78 65 73 |and the |xyz-axes|
|00003640| 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 20 | 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 69 | are no |longer i|
|00003650| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 73 70 6c 61 79 2e 20 20 |n the di|splay. |
|00003660| 4f 6e 65 20 61 64 76 61 | 6e 74 61 67 65 20 6f 66 |One adva|ntage of|
|00003670| 20 6e 6f 74 20 69 6e 63 | 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 | not inc|luding t|
|00003680| 68 65 73 65 20 66 72 61 | 6d 65 73 20 6f 66 20 72 |hese fra|mes of r|
|00003690| 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 |eference| is that|
|000036a0| 20 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | rotatio|ns will |
|000036b0| 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 67 72 65 |operate |with gre|
|000036c0| 61 74 65 72 20 73 70 65 | 65 64 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 |ater spe|ed... |
|000036d0| 20 20 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 74 68 72 65 65 2d | Anothe|r three-|
|000036e0| 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f | 6e 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 |dimensio|nal mode|
|000036f0| 6c 20 73 65 74 74 69 6e | 67 20 69 73 20 22 46 69 |l settin|g is "Fi|
|00003700| 6c 6c 2e 22 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 66 69 6c 6c 20 6f |ll." Th|e fill o|
|00003710| 66 20 61 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 20 72 65 66 65 72 73 |f a mode|l refers|
|00003720| 20 74 6f 20 68 6f 77 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 74 72 75 | to how |the stru|
|00003730| 63 74 75 72 65 20 69 73 | 20 72 65 6e 64 65 72 65 |cture is| rendere|
|00003740| 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 |d. The |default |
|00003750| 66 69 6c 6c 20 69 73 20 | 22 73 68 61 64 65 64 2e |fill is |"shaded.|
|00003760| 22 20 20 54 68 65 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 61 76 61 |" The o|ther ava|
|00003770| 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 | 69 6c 6c 73 20 61 72 65 |ilable f|ills are|
|00003780| 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 | 72 65 6e 74 2c 20 73 6f | transpa|rent, so|
|00003790| 6c 69 64 20 61 6e 64 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 65 64 |lid and |coloured|
|000037a0| 2e 20 20 50 75 6c 6c 20 | 64 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 65 |. Pull |down the|
|000037b0| 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 | 6d 65 6e 75 20 61 6e 64 | Models |menu and|
|000037c0| 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 33 2d 44 20 | select |the 3-D |
|000037d0| 53 65 74 74 69 6e 67 73 | 20 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 |Settings| item. |
|000037e0| 54 68 69 73 20 6f 70 65 | 6e 73 20 74 68 65 20 33 |This ope|ns the 3|
|000037f0| 2d 44 20 53 65 74 74 69 | 6e 67 73 20 77 69 6e 64 |-D Setti|ngs wind|
|00003800| 6f 77 2e 20 20 46 69 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |ow. Fin|d the fo|
|00003810| 75 72 20 72 61 64 69 6f | 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 73 |ur radio| buttons|
|00003820| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 46 69 6c 6c 20 | under t|he Fill |
|00003830| 68 65 61 64 69 6e 67 2e | 20 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 |heading.| Click |
|00003840| 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 54 | 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 |on the T|ranspare|
|00003850| 6e 74 20 52 61 64 69 6f | 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e |nt Radio| button.|
|00003860| 20 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4f | Click |on the O|
|00003870| 4b 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 61 |K button|. The a|
|00003880| 74 6f 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 70 61 63 |toms of |the spac|
|00003890| 65 2d 66 69 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 20 |e-fillin|g model |
|000038a0| 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 77 20 | 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 |are now |transpar|
|000038b0| 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 72 | 79 20 72 6f 74 61 74 69 |ent. Tr|y rotati|
|000038c0| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 20 |ng the m|olecule |
|000038d0| 74 6f 20 66 75 6c 6c 79 | 20 61 70 70 72 65 63 69 |to fully| appreci|
|000038e0| 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e |ate the |differen|
|000038f0| 63 65 2e 20 20 54 72 79 | 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 |ce. Try| using t|
|00003900| 68 65 20 72 65 6d 61 69 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 66 69 6c |he remai|ning fil|
|00003910| 6c 73 3a 20 20 73 6f 6c | 69 64 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |ls: sol|id and c|
|00003920| 6f 6c 6f 75 72 65 64 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 |oloured.|.. T|
|00003930| 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c | 20 74 68 72 65 65 2d 64 |he final| three-d|
|00003940| 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c |imension|al model|
|00003950| 20 73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 | 20 69 73 20 22 53 68 61 | setting| is "Sha|
|00003960| 70 65 2e 22 20 20 41 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 |pe." A |molecule|
|00003970| 27 73 20 73 68 61 70 65 | 20 69 73 20 63 6c 61 73 |'s shape| is clas|
|00003980| 73 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 69 74 73 20 6d 6f |sified b|y its mo|
|00003990| 6c 65 63 75 6c 61 72 20 | 67 65 6f 6d 65 74 72 79 |lecular |geometry|
|000039a0| 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 | 62 6f 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | (i.e., |bonding |
|000039b0| 70 61 69 72 20 61 72 72 | 61 6e 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 |pair arr|angement|
|000039c0| 29 20 61 6e 64 20 62 79 | 20 69 74 73 20 65 6c 65 |) and by| its ele|
|000039d0| 63 74 72 6f 6e 20 70 61 | 69 72 20 61 72 72 61 6e |ctron pa|ir arran|
|000039e0| 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 | 20 4d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c |gement. | Molecul|
|000039f0| 61 72 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 | 74 72 79 20 69 73 20 61 |ar geome|try is a|
|00003a00| 20 73 75 62 73 65 74 20 | 6f 66 20 65 6c 65 63 74 | subset |of elect|
|00003a10| 72 6f 6e 20 70 61 69 72 | 20 61 72 72 61 6e 67 65 |ron pair| arrange|
|00003a20| 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 |ment. T|he defau|
|00003a30| 6c 74 20 73 68 61 70 65 | 20 69 73 20 22 6d 6f 6c |lt shape| is "mol|
|00003a40| 65 63 75 6c 61 72 20 67 | 65 6f 6d 65 74 72 79 2e |ecular g|eometry.|
|00003a50| 22 20 20 4e 6f 74 69 63 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |" Notic|e that t|
|00003a60| 68 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c | 20 65 6d 70 68 61 73 69 |he model| emphasi|
|00003a70| 7a 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 22 61 6e 67 75 6c 61 72 |zes the |"angular|
|00003a80| 22 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 74 | 72 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |" geomet|ry of th|
|00003a90| 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 |e water |molecule|
|00003aa0| 2e 20 20 50 75 6c 6c 20 | 64 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 65 |. Pull |down the|
|00003ab0| 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 | 6d 65 6e 75 2c 20 61 6e | Models |menu, an|
|00003ac0| 64 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 33 2d 44 |d select| the 3-D|
|00003ad0| 20 53 65 74 74 69 6e 67 | 73 20 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 | Setting|s item. |
|00003ae0| 20 54 68 69 73 20 6f 70 | 65 6e 73 20 74 68 65 20 | This op|ens the |
|00003af0| 33 2d 44 20 53 65 74 74 | 69 6e 67 73 20 77 69 6e |3-D Sett|ings win|
|00003b00| 64 6f 77 2e 20 20 46 69 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 74 |dow. Fi|nd the t|
|00003b10| 77 6f 20 72 61 64 69 6f | 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 73 |wo radio| buttons|
|00003b20| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 68 61 70 65 | under t|he Shape|
|00003b30| 20 68 65 61 64 69 6e 67 | 2e 20 20 43 6c 69 63 6b | heading|. Click|
|00003b40| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 45 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e | on the |Electron|
|00003b50| 20 50 61 69 72 20 41 72 | 72 61 6e 67 65 6d 65 6e | Pair Ar|rangemen|
|00003b60| 74 20 72 61 64 69 6f 20 | 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e 20 |t radio |button. |
|00003b70| 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4f 4b | Click o|n the OK|
|00003b80| 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 65 6d | button.| The em|
|00003b90| 70 68 61 73 69 73 20 6f | 66 20 73 68 61 70 65 20 |phasis o|f shape |
|00003ba0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 64 65 6c 20 68 61 73 |in the m|odel has|
|00003bb0| 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 64 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6d | changed|. The m|
|00003bc0| 6f 64 65 6c 20 6e 6f 77 | 20 65 6d 70 68 61 73 69 |odel now| emphasi|
|00003bd0| 7a 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 22 74 65 74 72 61 68 65 |zes the |"tetrahe|
|00003be0| 64 72 61 6c 22 20 73 68 | 61 70 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |dral" sh|ape of t|
|00003bf0| 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c |he water| molecul|
|00003c00| 65 20 28 74 68 6f 75 67 | 68 20 69 74 73 20 61 6e |e (thoug|h its an|
|00003c10| 67 75 6c 61 72 20 73 68 | 61 70 65 20 63 61 6e 20 |gular sh|ape can |
|00003c20| 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 20 64 69 73 63 65 72 6e |still be| discern|
|00003c30| 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 77 69 74 68 69 6e 29 2e |ed from |within).|
|00003c40| 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 69 | 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | The di|fference|
|00003c50| 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 6c 6f 6e 65 20 70 61 | is that| lone pa|
|00003c60| 69 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 6e 6f 77 20 72 65 70 72 |irs are |now repr|
|00003c70| 65 73 65 6e 74 65 64 20 | 61 73 20 76 69 73 75 61 |esented |as visua|
|00003c80| 6c 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 73 20 28 67 72 65 79 20 |l object|s (grey |
|00003c90| 73 70 68 65 72 65 73 29 | 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 61 |spheres)|, wherea|
|00003ca0| 73 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 |s by the| previou|
|00003cb0| 73 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 61 72 20 67 65 6f 6d |s molecu|lar geom|
|00003cc0| 65 74 72 79 20 73 65 74 | 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 6f 6e |etry set|ting, on|
|00003cd0| 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 74 6f 72 74 69 6f |ly the d|istortio|
|00003ce0| 6e 20 74 68 65 79 20 63 | 61 75 73 65 64 20 77 61 |n they c|aused wa|
|00003cf0| 73 20 61 20 70 61 72 74 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |s a part| of the |
|00003d00| 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 |display.|.. T|
|00003d10| 68 65 20 76 65 63 74 6f | 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 20 |he vecto|r model |
|00003d20| 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 69 6e 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 |is the f|inal mod|
|00003d30| 65 6c 20 74 79 70 65 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 73 65 |el type |to be se|
|00003d40| 6c 65 63 74 65 64 2e 20 | 20 50 75 6c 6c 20 64 6f |lected. | Pull do|
|00003d50| 77 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4d | 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 6d 65 |wn the M|odels me|
|00003d60| 6e 75 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 74 |nu, and |select t|
|00003d70| 68 65 20 56 65 63 74 6f | 72 20 69 74 65 6d 2e 20 |he Vecto|r item. |
|00003d80| 20 54 68 65 20 76 65 63 | 74 6f 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 | The vec|tor mode|
|00003d90| 6c 20 70 6c 6f 74 73 20 | 62 6f 6e 64 20 64 69 73 |l plots |bond dis|
|00003da0| 74 61 6e 63 65 73 20 61 | 73 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 |tances a|s vector|
|00003db0| 73 2e 20 20 49 74 20 70 | 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 |s. It p|rovides |
|00003dc0| 61 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 69 | 6c 6c 75 73 74 72 61 74 |a good i|llustrat|
|00003dd0| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 65 6f 6d 65 |ion of t|he geome|
|00003de0| 74 72 69 63 20 66 61 63 | 65 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 |tric fac|ets that|
|00003df0| 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 69 73 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | compris|e the mo|
|00003e00| 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 20 | 20 4e 6f 74 69 63 65 20 |lecule. | Notice |
|00003e10| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6f |that the| rotatio|
|00003e20| 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f |ns of th|e previo|
|00003e30| 75 73 20 73 70 61 63 65 | 2d 66 69 6c 6c 69 6e 67 |us space|-filling|
|00003e40| 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e | model h|ave been|
|00003e50| 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 65 64 2e 20 20 52 6f | maintai|ned. Ro|
|00003e60| 74 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 |tate the| vector |
|00003e70| 6d 6f 64 65 6c 20 74 6f | 20 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 65 |model to| explore|
|00003e80| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c | 65 63 75 6c 65 20 6d 6f | the mol|ecule mo|
|00003e90| 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | 65 74 65 6c 79 2e 0d 0d |re compl|etely...|
|00003ea0| 20 20 20 20 20 45 78 70 | 65 72 69 6d 65 6e 74 20 | Exp|eriment |
|00003eb0| 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 6f |with the| three o|
|00003ec0| 74 68 65 72 20 76 6f 6c | 75 6d 65 2d 66 69 6c 6c |ther vol|ume-fill|
|00003ed0| 73 20 62 79 20 73 65 6c | 65 63 74 69 6e 67 20 74 |s by sel|ecting t|
|00003ee0| 68 65 6d 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 33 2d 44 |hem from| the 3-D|
|00003ef0| 20 53 65 74 74 69 6e 67 | 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 | Setting|s window|
|00003f00| 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 |. This |complete|
|00003f10| 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 64 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 |s the mo|delling |
|00003f20| 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 77 61 74 65 |process |for wate|
|00003f30| 72 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f |r... | Click o|
|00003f40| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 43 6c | 65 61 72 20 62 75 74 74 |n the Cl|ear butt|
|00003f50| 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 46 6f 72 6d 75 6c |on in th|e Formul|
|00003f60| 61 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 | 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 |a window|. This |
|00003f70| 63 6c 65 61 72 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 |clears t|he formu|
|00003f80| 6c 61 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 74 73 20 61 63 63 6f 6d |la and i|ts accom|
|00003f90| 70 61 6e 79 69 6e 67 20 | 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 73 |panying |displays|
|00003fa0| 2e 20 20 45 78 70 65 72 | 69 6d 65 6e 74 20 6e 6f |. Exper|iment no|
|00003fb0| 77 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 6d 6f 6c |w with o|ther mol|
|00003fc0| 65 63 75 6c 65 73 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 46 75 6e |ecules. | The Fun|
|00003fd0| 64 61 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c | 20 53 74 72 75 63 74 75 |damental| Structu|
|00003fe0| 72 65 73 20 72 65 66 65 | 72 65 6e 63 65 20 63 68 |res refe|rence ch|
|00003ff0| 61 72 74 20 6d 61 79 20 | 62 65 20 68 65 6c 70 66 |art may |be helpf|
|00004000| 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 74 20 70 72 |ul in th|at it pr|
|00004010| 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 61 | 6e 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c |ovides a|n exampl|
|00004020| 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 6d |e molecu|le for m|
|00004030| 6f 73 74 20 67 65 6f 6d | 65 74 72 69 65 73 2e 00 |ost geom|etries..|
|00004040| 00 05 03 46 55 4e 44 41 | 4d 45 4e 54 41 4c 20 53 |...FUNDA|MENTAL S|
|00004050| 54 52 55 43 54 55 52 45 | 53 0d 0d 0d 45 50 20 3d |TRUCTURE|S...EP =|
|00004060| 20 45 6c 65 63 74 72 6f | 6e 20 50 61 69 72 73 0d | Electro|n Pairs.|
|00004070| 42 50 20 3d 20 42 6f 6e | 64 65 64 20 50 61 69 72 |BP = Bon|ded Pair|
|00004080| 73 0d 4c 50 20 3d 20 4c | 6f 6e 65 20 50 61 69 72 |s.LP = L|one Pair|
|00004090| 73 20 20 0d 0d 47 45 4f | 4d 45 54 52 49 43 09 09 |s ..GEO|METRIC..|
|000040a0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 4d | 4f 4c 45 43 55 4c 41 52 |.......M|OLECULAR|
|000040b0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 20 20 20 20 09 20 20 |........|. . |
|000040c0| 20 20 20 20 20 56 53 45 | 50 52 09 09 09 09 20 45 | VSE|PR.... E|
|000040d0| 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 0d 4f | 52 49 45 4e 54 41 54 49 |XAMPLE.O|RIENTATI|
|000040e0| 4f 4e 20 28 45 50 29 20 | 20 47 45 4f 4d 45 54 52 |ON (EP) | GEOMETR|
|000040f0| 59 20 28 42 50 2c 20 4c | 50 29 09 20 20 20 20 20 |Y (BP, L|P). |
|00004100| 20 20 09 20 20 20 09 4e | 4f 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 20 | . .N|OTATION |
|00004110| 20 46 4f 52 4d 55 4c 41 | 0d 4c 69 6e 65 61 72 20 | FORMULA|.Linear |
|00004120| 28 31 29 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 09 4c 69 6e 65 61 |(1).....|...Linea|
|00004130| 72 20 28 31 2c 20 30 29 | 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 |r (1, 0)|........|
|00004140| 09 09 09 20 20 20 20 20 | 09 41 32 09 09 09 09 20 |... |.A2.... |
|00004150| 20 20 20 48 32 0d 0d 4c | 69 6e 65 61 72 20 28 32 | H2..L|inear (2|
|00004160| 29 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 4c 69 6e 65 61 72 20 |).......|.Linear |
|00004170| 28 32 2c 20 30 29 09 09 | 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 |(2, 0)..|........|
|00004180| 09 20 20 20 20 20 09 41 | 58 32 09 09 09 20 20 20 |. .A|X2... |
|00004190| 20 42 65 48 32 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | BeH2. | |
|000041a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 4c 69 6e 65 61 72 20 28 | |Linear (|
|000041b0| 31 2c 20 31 29 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |1, 1) | |
|000041c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 58 | 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | AX|E |
|000041d0| 43 4f 0d 0d 54 72 69 67 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 20 20 20 |CO..Trig|onal |
|000041e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 72 | 69 67 6f 6e 61 6c 20 50 | Tr|igonal P|
|000041f0| 6c 61 6e 61 72 20 28 33 | 2c 20 30 29 20 20 20 20 |lanar (3|, 0) |
|00004200| 20 20 20 20 41 58 33 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 46 | AX3 | BF|
|00004210| 33 0d 50 6c 61 6e 61 72 | 20 28 33 29 20 20 20 20 |3.Planar| (3) |
|00004220| 20 20 20 20 41 6e 67 75 | 6c 61 72 20 28 32 2c 20 | Angu|lar (2, |
|00004230| 31 29 09 09 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |1).. | |
|00004240| 20 09 41 58 32 45 09 09 | 20 20 20 20 53 4f 32 0d | .AX2E..| SO2.|
|00004250| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 |........|........|
|00004260| 09 09 4c 69 6e 65 61 72 | 20 28 31 2c 20 32 29 09 |..Linear| (1, 2).|
|00004270| 09 09 09 09 09 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 09 |..... | .|
|00004280| 41 58 45 32 09 09 20 20 | 20 20 4f 32 0d 0d 54 65 |AXE2.. | O2..Te|
|00004290| 74 72 61 68 65 64 72 61 | 6c 20 28 34 29 09 09 09 |trahedra|l (4)...|
|000042a0| 54 65 74 72 61 68 65 64 | 72 61 6c 20 28 34 2c 20 |Tetrahed|ral (4, |
|000042b0| 30 29 09 09 09 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 58 |0)... | AX|
|000042c0| 34 09 09 09 20 20 20 20 | 43 48 34 0d 09 09 09 09 |4... |CH4.....|
|000042d0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 09 20 20 09 54 72 |........|... .Tr|
|000042e0| 69 67 6f 6e 61 6c 20 50 | 79 72 61 6d 69 64 61 6c |igonal P|yramidal|
|000042f0| 20 28 33 2c 20 31 29 20 | 20 20 20 09 41 58 33 45 | (3, 1) | .AX3E|
|00004300| 09 20 20 20 20 20 4e 48 | 33 0d 09 09 09 09 09 09 |. NH|3.......|
|00004310| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 20 09 41 6e 67 75 |........|.. .Angu|
|00004320| 6c 61 72 20 28 32 2c 20 | 32 29 09 20 20 20 20 20 |lar (2, |2). |
|00004330| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 41 58 32 45 32 20 | | AX2E2 |
|00004340| 20 20 20 20 48 32 4f 0d | 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | H2O.|........|
|00004350| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 20 20 4c 69 6e 65 61 72 |........| Linear|
|00004360| 20 28 31 2c 20 33 29 09 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | (1, 3).| |
|00004370| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 41 58 45 33 09 20 20 20 | |AXE3. |
|00004380| 20 20 48 43 6c 0d 0d 54 | 72 69 67 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | HCl..T|rigonal |
|00004390| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 54 72 69 67 6f 6e 61 | | Trigona|
|000043a0| 6c 20 42 69 70 79 72 61 | 6d 69 64 61 6c 20 28 35 |l Bipyra|midal (5|
|000043b0| 2c 20 30 29 20 20 20 41 | 58 35 20 20 20 20 20 20 |, 0) A|X5 |
|000043c0| 20 50 43 6c 35 0d 42 69 | 70 79 72 61 6d 69 64 61 | PCl5.Bi|pyramida|
|000043d0| 6c 20 28 35 29 20 20 20 | 49 72 72 65 67 75 6c 61 |l (5) |Irregula|
|000043e0| 72 20 54 65 74 72 61 68 | 65 64 72 61 6c 20 28 34 |r Tetrah|edral (4|
|000043f0| 2c 20 31 29 20 20 41 58 | 34 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 |, 1) AX|4E |
|00004400| 53 46 34 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |SF4. | |
|00004410| 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 2d | 53 68 61 70 65 64 20 28 | T-|Shaped (|
|00004420| 33 2c 20 32 29 09 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |3, 2). | |
|00004430| 20 20 20 20 41 58 33 45 | 32 20 20 20 20 20 43 6c | AX3E|2 Cl|
|00004440| 46 33 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 |F3. | .|
|00004450| 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 4c 69 6e |....... | Lin|
|00004460| 65 61 72 20 28 32 2c 20 | 33 29 09 20 20 20 20 20 |ear (2, |3). |
|00004470| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 41 58 32 45 33 | | AX2E3|
|00004480| 09 20 20 20 20 58 65 46 | 32 0d 0d 4f 63 74 61 68 |. XeF|2..Octah|
|00004490| 65 64 72 61 6c 20 28 36 | 29 09 20 20 20 4f 63 74 |edral (6|). Oct|
|000044a0| 61 68 65 64 72 61 6c 20 | 28 36 2c 20 30 29 20 20 |ahedral |(6, 0) |
|000044b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 09 41 58 36 09 20 | | .AX6. |
|000044c0| 20 20 20 20 20 53 46 36 | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | SF6|. |
|000044d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 53 71 75 61 72 | | Squar|
|000044e0| 65 20 50 79 72 61 6d 69 | 64 61 6c 20 28 35 2c 20 |e Pyrami|dal (5, |
|000044f0| 31 29 09 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 41 58 35 45 09 20 20 |1). | AX5E. |
|00004500| 20 20 20 42 72 46 35 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | BrF5.| |
|00004510| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 09 53 71 75 61 72 65 | | .Square|
|00004520| 20 50 6c 61 6e 61 72 20 | 28 34 2c 20 32 29 20 20 | Planar |(4, 2) |
|00004530| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 09 | 41 58 34 45 32 09 20 20 | .|AX4E2. |
|00004540| 20 20 58 65 46 34 00 00 | 02 98 46 4f 52 4d 55 4c | XeF4..|..FORMUL|
|00004550| 41 20 57 49 4e 44 4f 57 | 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |A WINDOW|... |
|00004560| 54 68 65 20 46 6f 72 6d | 75 6c 61 20 77 69 6e 64 |The Form|ula wind|
|00004570| 6f 77 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 | 69 6e 73 20 61 20 6e 75 |ow conta|ins a nu|
|00004580| 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 73 2c |mber of |buttons,|
|00004590| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 | 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 | which a|re used |
|000045a0| 74 6f 20 64 65 66 69 6e | 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |to defin|e the fo|
|000045b0| 72 6d 75 6c 61 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 73 65 20 62 75 |rmula. |These bu|
|000045c0| 74 74 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e | 63 6c 75 64 65 20 61 20 |ttons in|clude a |
|000045d0| 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 45 6c |collecti|on of El|
|000045e0| 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 62 75 | 74 74 6f 6e 73 2c 20 77 |ement bu|ttons, w|
|000045f0| 68 69 63 68 20 74 6f 67 | 65 74 68 65 72 20 66 6f |hich tog|ether fo|
|00004600| 72 6d 20 61 20 73 75 62 | 73 65 74 20 6f 66 20 74 |rm a sub|set of t|
|00004610| 68 65 20 50 65 72 69 6f | 64 69 63 20 54 61 62 6c |he Perio|dic Tabl|
|00004620| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 45 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 |e of the| Element|
|00004630| 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 72 65 64 75 63 65 64 20 |s. The |reduced |
|00004640| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 6e | 6c 79 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |table on|ly conta|
|00004650| 69 6e 73 20 62 75 74 74 | 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 20 |ins butt|ons for |
|00004660| 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 |elements| that ar|
|00004670| 65 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 56 53 |e involv|ed in VS|
|00004680| 45 50 52 2d 74 79 70 65 | 20 62 6f 6e 64 69 6e 67 |EPR-type| bonding|
|00004690| 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 | 6e 6f 6e 2d 6d 65 74 61 | (i.e., |non-meta|
|000046a0| 6c 73 2c 20 6d 65 74 61 | 6c 6c 6f 69 64 73 2c 20 |ls, meta|lloids, |
|000046b0| 6e 6f 62 6c 65 20 67 61 | 73 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |noble ga|ses and |
|000046c0| 62 65 72 79 6c 6c 69 75 | 6d 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6f |berylliu|m, the o|
|000046d0| 6e 65 20 6d 65 74 61 6c | 20 74 68 61 74 20 70 61 |ne metal| that pa|
|000046e0| 72 74 61 6b 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 63 6f 76 61 6c 65 |rtakes i|n covale|
|000046f0| 6e 74 20 62 6f 6e 64 69 | 6e 67 29 2e 20 20 54 68 |nt bondi|ng). Th|
|00004700| 65 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e | 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |e button|s on the|
|00004710| 20 74 61 62 6c 65 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 20 69 6e 63 6c | table a|lso incl|
|00004720| 75 64 65 20 61 20 43 6c | 65 61 72 20 62 75 74 74 |ude a Cl|ear butt|
|00004730| 6f 6e 2c 20 50 6c 75 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 4d 69 6e |on, Plus| and Min|
|00004740| 75 73 20 49 6f 6e 20 62 | 75 74 74 6f 6e 73 20 61 |us Ion b|uttons a|
|00004750| 6e 64 20 61 20 4d 6f 64 | 65 6c 20 62 75 74 74 6f |nd a Mod|el butto|
|00004760| 6e 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 61 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 |n. In a|ddition |
|00004770| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 73 65 | 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 73 |to these| buttons|
|00004780| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 46 6f | 72 6d 75 6c 61 20 77 69 |, the Fo|rmula wi|
|00004790| 6e 64 6f 77 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 73 20 61 20 |ndow con|tains a |
|000047a0| 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 20 | 6c 69 6e 65 2c 20 69 6e |display |line, in|
|000047b0| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 | which t|he formu|
|000047c0| 6c 61 20 61 70 70 65 61 | 72 73 20 61 73 20 69 74 |la appea|rs as it|
|000047d0| 20 69 73 20 62 65 69 6e | 67 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 | is bein|g define|
|000047e0| 64 2e 00 00 03 10 49 6f | 6e 20 42 75 74 74 6f 6e |d.....Io|n Button|
|000047f0| 73 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 74 77 6f 20 |s.. |The two |
|00004800| 49 6f 6e 20 62 75 74 74 | 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 |Ion butt|ons are |
|00004810| 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 46 6f 72 |found in| the For|
|00004820| 6d 75 6c 61 20 77 69 6e | 64 6f 77 2e 0d 0d 20 20 |mula win|dow... |
|00004830| 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 49 | 6f 6e 20 62 75 74 74 6f | The I|on butto|
|00004840| 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 22 |ns are u|sed to "|
|00004850| 69 6f 6e 69 7a 65 22 20 | 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 63 |ionize" |(i.e., c|
|00004860| 68 61 72 67 65 29 20 61 | 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c |harge) a| molecul|
|00004870| 65 2e 20 20 45 61 63 68 | 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f |e. Each| click o|
|00004880| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 50 6f | 73 69 74 69 76 65 20 49 |n the Po|sitive I|
|00004890| 6f 6e 20 62 75 74 74 6f | 6e 20 69 6e 63 72 65 6d |on butto|n increm|
|000048a0| 65 6e 74 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 68 61 72 67 65 20 |ents the| charge |
|000048b0| 61 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 |applied |to the f|
|000048c0| 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 20 62 | 79 20 6f 6e 65 2c 20 62 |ormula b|y one, b|
|000048d0| 79 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 69 | 6e 67 20 61 20 76 61 6c |y removi|ng a val|
|000048e0| 65 6e 63 65 20 65 6c 65 | 63 74 72 6f 6e 20 66 72 |ence ele|ctron fr|
|000048f0| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e |om the m|olecule.|
|00004900| 20 20 45 61 63 68 20 63 | 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 | Each c|lick on |
|00004910| 74 68 65 20 4e 65 67 61 | 74 69 76 65 20 49 6f 6e |the Nega|tive Ion|
|00004920| 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 | 64 65 63 72 65 6d 65 6e | button |decremen|
|00004930| 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 68 61 72 67 65 20 62 79 |ts the c|harge by|
|00004940| 20 6f 6e 65 2c 20 62 79 | 20 61 64 64 69 6e 67 20 | one, by| adding |
|00004950| 61 20 76 61 6c 65 6e 63 | 65 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 |a valenc|e electr|
|00004960| 6f 6e 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 41 20 66 6f 72 6d |on... | A form|
|00004970| 75 6c 61 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 69 6f 6e 69 7a |ula can |be ioniz|
|00004980| 65 64 20 65 76 65 6e 20 | 69 66 20 74 68 65 72 65 |ed even |if there|
|00004990| 20 61 72 65 20 61 74 6f | 6d 73 20 73 74 69 6c 6c | are ato|ms still|
|000049a0| 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 | 64 64 65 64 2e 20 20 46 | to be a|dded. F|
|000049b0| 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 2c 20 69 66 20 74 |or examp|le, if t|
|000049c0| 68 65 20 75 73 65 72 20 | 77 69 73 68 65 73 20 74 |he user |wishes t|
|000049d0| 6f 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 |o define| the car|
|000049e0| 62 6f 6e 61 74 65 20 69 | 6f 6e 20 28 43 4f 33 2d |bonate i|on (CO3-|
|000049f0| 32 29 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 75 73 65 72 20 64 6f 65 |2), the |user doe|
|00004a00| 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 74 6f 20 70 65 |s not ha|ve to pe|
|00004a10| 72 66 6f 72 6d 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6f 6e 69 7a 61 |rform th|e ioniza|
|00004a20| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6c 61 73 | 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |tion las|t. The |
|00004a30| 75 73 65 72 20 63 61 6e | 20 61 70 70 6c 79 20 74 |user can| apply t|
|00004a40| 68 65 20 63 68 61 72 67 | 65 20 6f 66 20 2d 32 20 |he charg|e of -2 |
|00004a50| 74 6f 20 6f 6e 65 20 61 | 74 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 63 |to one a|tom of c|
|00004a60| 61 72 62 6f 6e 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 |arbon, a|nd after|
|00004a70| 77 61 72 64 73 20 73 65 | 6c 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 |wards se|lect the|
|00004a80| 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 72 65 65 | remaini|ng three|
|00004a90| 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 20 6f | 66 20 6f 78 79 67 65 6e | atoms o|f oxygen|
|00004aa0| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 | 68 61 72 67 65 20 77 69 |. The c|harge wi|
|00004ab0| 6c 6c 20 61 6c 77 61 79 | 73 20 62 65 20 72 65 74 |ll alway|s be ret|
|00004ac0| 61 69 6e 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 70 70 6c 69 65 |ained an|d applie|
|00004ad0| 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 69 6e 69 73 68 65 |d to the| finishe|
|00004ae0| 64 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 | 6c 65 20 61 73 20 61 20 |d molecu|le as a |
|00004af0| 77 68 6f 6c 65 2e 00 00 | 03 fc 4d 6f 64 65 6c 20 |whole...|..Model |
|00004b00| 42 75 74 74 6f 6e 0d 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 |Button..| The|
|00004b10| 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 20 62 | 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 69 73 | Model b|utton is|
|00004b20| 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 46 6f | found i|n the Fo|
|00004b30| 72 6d 75 6c 61 20 77 69 | 6e 64 6f 77 2e 0d 0d 20 |rmula wi|ndow... |
|00004b40| 20 20 20 20 42 79 20 73 | 65 6c 65 63 74 69 6e 67 | By s|electing|
|00004b50| 20 74 68 65 20 4d 6f 64 | 65 6c 20 62 75 74 74 6f | the Mod|el butto|
|00004b60| 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 75 | 73 65 72 20 69 6e 64 69 |n, the u|ser indi|
|00004b70| 63 61 74 65 73 20 74 6f | 20 56 53 45 50 52 70 6c |cates to| VSEPRpl|
|00004b80| 65 78 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d |ex that |the form|
|00004b90| 75 6c 61 20 68 61 73 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 64 65 66 |ula has |been def|
|00004ba0| 69 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 72 |ined to |the user|
|00004bb0| 27 73 20 73 61 74 69 73 | 66 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c |'s satis|faction,|
|00004bc0| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | and tha|t the pr|
|00004bd0| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 70 72 6f |ogram sh|ould pro|
|00004be0| 63 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e |ceed to |determin|
|00004bf0| 65 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |e whethe|r the mo|
|00004c00| 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 |lecule d|escribed|
|00004c10| 20 69 73 20 70 72 65 64 | 69 63 74 65 64 20 62 79 | is pred|icted by|
|00004c20| 20 56 53 45 50 52 20 74 | 68 65 6f 72 79 20 28 69 | VSEPR t|heory (i|
|00004c30| 2e 65 2e 2c 20 77 68 65 | 74 68 65 72 2c 20 61 63 |.e., whe|ther, ac|
|00004c40| 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 74 |cording |to the t|
|00004c50| 68 65 6f 72 79 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 |heory, t|he eleme|
|00004c60| 6e 74 73 2c 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 67 69 |nts, in |their gi|
|00004c70| 76 65 6e 20 71 75 61 6e | 74 69 74 69 65 73 2c 20 |ven quan|tities, |
|00004c80| 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 77 |are comp|atible w|
|00004c90| 69 74 68 20 6f 6e 65 20 | 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 29 |ith one |another)|
|00004ca0| 2e 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c |. If th|e formul|
|00004cb0| 61 20 69 73 20 61 63 63 | 65 70 74 65 64 2c 20 74 |a is acc|epted, t|
|00004cc0| 68 65 6e 20 61 20 73 65 | 72 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 |hen a se|ries of |
|00004cd0| 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 | 61 6c 20 63 61 6c 63 75 |structur|al calcu|
|00004ce0| 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 |lations |will be |
|00004cf0| 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 | 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 72 |performe|d, the r|
|00004d00| 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |esults o|f which |
|00004d10| 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 | 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 65 |will be |displaye|
|00004d20| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 54 65 78 74 20 77 69 |d in the| Text wi|
|00004d30| 6e 64 6f 77 2e 20 20 41 | 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2c 20 |ndow. A|s well, |
|00004d40| 61 20 73 6b 65 6c 65 74 | 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c |a skelet|al model|
|00004d50| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 | will be| display|
|00004d60| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 20 |ed in th|e Model |
|00004d70| 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 0d | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 49 66 |Window..|. If|
|00004d80| 2c 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 68 |, on the| other h|
|00004d90| 61 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 |and, the| formula|
|00004da0| 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 61 63 63 65 70 74 65 64 | is not |accepted|
|00004db0| 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 61 | 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 20 |, then a| window |
|00004dc0| 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f 70 65 | 6e 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f |will ope|n to pro|
|00004dd0| 76 69 64 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 75 73 65 72 20 77 69 |vide the| user wi|
|00004de0| 74 68 20 61 73 73 69 73 | 74 61 6e 63 65 20 69 6e |th assis|tance in|
|00004df0| 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | respect| of the |
|00004e00| 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 77 69 |problem.| The wi|
|00004e10| 6e 64 6f 77 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 |ndow wil|l displa|
|00004e20| 79 20 61 20 6d 65 73 73 | 61 67 65 20 74 68 61 74 |y a mess|age that|
|00004e30| 20 6f 75 74 6c 69 6e 65 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | outline|s the pr|
|00004e40| 6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 73 6f 6c 75 |oblem an|d a solu|
|00004e50| 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 73 6f 6c 75 74 |tion. T|he solut|
|00004e60| 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 6c 6c | 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 |ion will| provide|
|00004e70| 20 74 68 65 20 67 65 6e | 65 72 61 6c 20 72 65 6d | the gen|eral rem|
|00004e80| 65 64 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f 66 |edy, and| will of|
|00004e90| 74 65 6e 20 73 75 67 67 | 65 73 74 20 61 20 73 69 |ten sugg|est a si|
|00004ea0| 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 66 6f | 72 6d 75 6c 61 2c 20 77 |milar fo|rmula, w|
|00004eb0| 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 | 70 72 65 64 69 63 74 65 |hich is |predicte|
|00004ec0| 64 20 62 79 20 56 53 45 | 50 52 20 74 68 65 6f 72 |d by VSE|PR theor|
|00004ed0| 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 74 68 65 |y, and w|hich the|
|00004ee0| 20 75 73 65 72 20 6d 61 | 79 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 | user ma|y want t|
|00004ef0| 6f 20 74 72 79 2e 00 00 | 01 37 43 6c 65 61 72 20 |o try...|.7Clear |
|00004f00| 42 75 74 74 6f 6e 0d 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 |Button..| The|
|00004f10| 20 43 6c 65 61 72 20 62 | 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 69 73 | Clear b|utton is|
|00004f20| 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 46 6f | found i|n the Fo|
|00004f30| 72 6d 75 6c 61 20 77 69 | 6e 64 6f 77 2e 0d 0d 20 |rmula wi|ndow... |
|00004f40| 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 43 6c 65 61 72 20 62 75 | The |Clear bu|
|00004f50| 74 74 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |tton is |used to |
|00004f60| 65 72 61 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e |erase th|e presen|
|00004f70| 74 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c | 61 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 |t formul|a, so th|
|00004f80| 61 74 20 61 20 6e 65 77 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 |at a new| formula|
|00004f90| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 2e | can be |defined.|
|00004fa0| 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 6c 65 61 72 | When t|he Clear|
|00004fb0| 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 73 65 6c 65 63 | button |is selec|
|00004fc0| 74 65 64 2c 20 61 6e 79 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 |ted, any| formula|
|00004fd0| 2d 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 | 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 |-related| display|
|00004fe0| 73 20 28 65 2e 67 2e 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 |s (e.g.,| the for|
|00004ff0| 6d 75 6c 61 20 64 69 73 | 70 6c 61 79 20 6c 69 6e |mula dis|play lin|
|00005000| 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 54 | 65 78 74 20 61 6e 64 20 |e, the T|ext and |
|00005010| 4d 6f 64 65 6c 20 77 69 | 6e 64 6f 77 73 2c 20 65 |Model wi|ndows, e|
|00005020| 74 63 2e 29 20 61 72 65 | 20 63 6c 65 61 72 65 64 |tc.) are| cleared|
|00005030| 2e 00 00 00 ee 54 45 58 | 54 20 57 49 4e 44 4f 57 |.....TEX|T WINDOW|
|00005040| 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 54 65 78 74 |... |The Text|
|00005050| 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 20 | 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c | window |is simpl|
|00005060| 79 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 | 72 67 65 20 77 69 6e 64 |y the la|rge wind|
|00005070| 6f 77 20 69 6e 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 74 65 78 74 |ow in wh|ich text|
|00005080| 2c 20 70 65 72 74 61 69 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 |, pertai|ning to |
|00005090| 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d | 75 6c 61 2c 20 69 73 20 |the form|ula, is |
|000050a0| 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 65 | 64 2e 20 20 54 65 78 74 |displaye|d. Text|
|000050b0| 20 69 74 65 6d 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 61 63 63 65 73 | items a|re acces|
|000050c0| 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 54 |sible fr|om the T|
|000050d0| 65 78 74 73 20 6d 65 6e | 75 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |exts men|u. The |
|000050e0| 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c | 65 20 74 65 78 74 73 20 |availabl|e texts |
|000050f0| 61 72 65 20 45 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 41 74 74 72 |are Elem|ent Attr|
|00005100| 69 62 75 74 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 53 74 72 75 63 |ibutes a|nd Struc|
|00005110| 74 75 72 61 6c 20 43 61 | 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f |tural Ca|lculatio|
|00005120| 6e 73 2e 00 00 03 b8 4d | 45 4e 55 20 42 41 52 0d |ns.....M|ENU BAR.|
|00005130| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 4d 65 6e 75 20 |.. T|he Menu |
|00005140| 62 61 72 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 74 72 69 70 |bar is t|he strip|
|00005150| 20 6f 66 20 77 6f 72 64 | 73 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 | of word|s across|
|00005160| 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | the top| of the |
|00005170| 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 20 | 20 45 61 63 68 20 77 6f |screen. | Each wo|
|00005180| 72 64 20 69 64 65 6e 74 | 69 66 69 65 73 20 61 20 |rd ident|ifies a |
|00005190| 6d 65 6e 75 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c |menu. T|he avail|
|000051a0| 61 62 6c 65 20 6d 65 6e | 75 73 20 61 72 65 20 46 |able men|us are F|
|000051b0| 69 6c 65 2c 20 54 65 78 | 74 73 2c 20 4d 6f 64 65 |ile, Tex|ts, Mode|
|000051c0| 6c 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 20 |ls, and |Window. |
|000051d0| 20 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 6d | Each of| these m|
|000051e0| 65 6e 75 73 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 73 20 61 20 |enus con|tains a |
|000051f0| 73 65 74 20 6f 66 20 69 | 74 65 6d 73 2c 20 61 6e |set of i|tems, an|
|00005200| 64 20 65 61 63 68 20 69 | 74 65 6d 2c 20 77 68 65 |d each i|tem, whe|
|00005210| 6e 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 | 65 64 2c 20 63 61 72 72 |n select|ed, carr|
|00005220| 69 65 73 20 6f 75 74 20 | 61 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e |ies out |a design|
|00005230| 61 74 65 64 20 74 61 73 | 6b 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 |ated tas|k... |
|00005240| 20 54 68 65 20 75 73 65 | 72 20 6f 70 65 6e 73 20 | The use|r opens |
|00005250| 61 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 28 | 72 65 76 65 61 6c 69 6e |a menu (|revealin|
|00005260| 67 20 74 68 65 20 69 74 | 65 6d 73 20 77 68 69 63 |g the it|ems whic|
|00005270| 68 20 69 74 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 73 29 20 62 |h it con|tains) b|
|00005280| 79 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 69 | 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |y clicki|ng, and |
|00005290| 68 6f 6c 64 69 6e 67 2c | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |holding,| on the |
|000052a0| 6d 65 6e 75 20 74 69 74 | 6c 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |menu tit|le. The|
|000052b0| 20 75 73 65 72 20 74 68 | 65 6e 20 73 65 6c 65 63 | user th|en selec|
|000052c0| 74 73 20 61 20 70 61 72 | 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 20 |ts a par|ticular |
|000052d0| 6d 65 6e 75 20 69 74 65 | 6d 20 62 79 20 63 6c 69 |menu ite|m by cli|
|000052e0| 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 |cking on| that it|
|000052f0| 65 6d 2e 20 20 41 73 20 | 73 6f 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 |em. As |soon as |
|00005300| 61 6e 20 69 74 65 6d 20 | 69 73 20 73 65 6c 65 63 |an item |is selec|
|00005310| 74 65 64 2c 20 69 74 73 | 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |ted, its| functio|
|00005320| 6e 20 69 73 20 63 61 72 | 72 69 65 64 20 6f 75 74 |n is car|ried out|
|00005330| 2e 20 20 41 6e 20 69 74 | 65 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 |. An it|em that |
|00005340| 69 73 20 64 69 73 61 62 | 6c 65 64 20 63 61 6e 6e |is disab|led cann|
|00005350| 6f 74 20 62 65 20 73 65 | 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 |ot be se|lected b|
|00005360| 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f |ecause t|he optio|
|00005370| 6e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 |n is not| availab|
|00005380| 6c 65 20 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e |le at th|e presen|
|00005390| 74 20 74 69 6d 65 2e 0d | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 41 6c |t time..|. Al|
|000053a0| 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 | 65 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 65 |ternativ|ely, the|
|000053b0| 20 6d 65 6e 75 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 69 72 | menus a|nd their|
|000053c0| 20 69 74 65 6d 73 20 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 73 65 | items c|an be se|
|000053d0| 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |lected u|sing the|
|000053e0| 20 6b 65 79 62 6f 61 72 | 64 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 | keyboar|d. For |
|000053f0| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 |example,| the use|
|00005400| 72 20 63 61 6e 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 |r can ha|ve the e|
|00005410| 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 | 74 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 |lement a|ttribute|
|00005420| 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 |s of the| formula|
|00005430| 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 70 72 | display|ed by pr|
|00005440| 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 43 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2b 45 |essing C|ommand+E|
|00005450| 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 | 62 79 20 68 6f 6c 64 69 | (i.e., |by holdi|
|00005460| 6e 67 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 6f 6d 6d |ng down |the Comm|
|00005470| 61 6e 64 20 6b 65 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e |and key |and then|
|00005480| 20 70 72 65 73 73 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 45 20 | pressin|g the E |
|00005490| 6b 65 79 29 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 76 61 72 69 6f |key). T|he vario|
|000054a0| 75 73 20 6b 65 79 62 6f | 61 72 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d |us keybo|ard comm|
|000054b0| 61 6e 64 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 |ands are| indicat|
|000054c0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 61 |ed in th|e menu a|
|000054d0| 6e 64 20 69 74 65 6d 20 | 74 69 74 6c 65 73 2e 00 |nd item |titles..|
|000054e0| 00 00 cf 46 69 6c 65 20 | 4d 65 6e 75 0d 0d 20 20 |...File |Menu.. |
|000054f0| 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 46 | 69 6c 65 20 6d 65 6e 75 | The F|ile menu|
|00005500| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 73 20 74 68 65 20 45 78 | contain|s the Ex|
|00005510| 69 74 2e 2e 2e 20 69 74 | 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |it... it|em and t|
|00005520| 68 65 20 43 6c 6f 73 65 | 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 20 |he Close| Window |
|00005530| 69 74 65 6d 2e 0d 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 |item... | The |
|00005540| 43 6c 6f 73 65 20 57 69 | 6e 64 6f 77 20 69 74 65 |Close Wi|ndow ite|
|00005550| 6d 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 |m closes| the act|
|00005560| 69 76 65 20 77 69 6e 64 | 6f 77 2c 20 69 66 20 70 |ive wind|ow, if p|
|00005570| 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 |ossible.|.. T|
|00005580| 68 65 20 45 78 69 74 2e | 2e 2e 20 69 74 65 6d 20 |he Exit.|.. item |
|00005590| 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c | 79 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 |is simpl|y used t|
|000055a0| 6f 20 71 75 69 74 20 56 | 53 45 50 52 70 6c 65 78 |o quit V|SEPRplex|
|000055b0| 2e 0d 00 00 0d e9 54 65 | 78 74 73 20 4d 65 6e 75 |......Te|xts Menu|
|000055c0| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 54 65 78 74 73 |.. T|he Texts|
|000055d0| 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 63 6f | 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 74 | menu co|ntains t|
|000055e0| 68 65 20 45 6c 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 41 74 74 72 69 |he Eleme|nt Attri|
|000055f0| 62 75 74 65 73 20 69 74 | 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |butes it|em and t|
|00005600| 68 65 20 53 74 72 75 63 | 74 75 72 61 6c 20 43 61 |he Struc|tural Ca|
|00005610| 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 69 74 65 6d 2e |lculatio|ns item.|
|00005620| 20 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 | 69 74 65 6d 73 20 61 72 | These |items ar|
|00005630| 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 |e used t|o displa|
|00005640| 79 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 | 73 20 74 65 78 74 73 2c |y variou|s texts,|
|00005650| 20 70 65 72 74 61 69 6e | 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 74 | pertain|ing to t|
|00005660| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 | 6c 61 2c 20 69 6e 20 74 |he formu|la, in t|
|00005670| 68 65 20 54 65 78 74 20 | 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 0d |he Text |window..|
|00005680| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 45 6c 65 6d 65 6e |. Th|e Elemen|
|00005690| 74 20 41 74 74 72 69 62 | 75 74 65 73 20 69 74 65 |t Attrib|utes ite|
|000056a0| 6d 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 |m is use|d to dis|
|000056b0| 70 6c 61 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 |play the| element|
|000056c0| 20 61 74 74 72 69 62 75 | 74 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | attribu|tes for |
|000056d0| 65 61 63 68 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 6c 65 6d |each of |the elem|
|000056e0| 65 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d |ents in |the form|
|000056f0| 75 6c 61 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e |ula. Th|e elemen|
|00005700| 74 20 61 74 74 72 69 62 | 75 74 65 73 20 61 72 65 |t attrib|utes are|
|00005710| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e | 73 74 61 6e 74 20 76 61 | the con|stant va|
|00005720| 6c 75 65 73 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 |lues use|d by the|
|00005730| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 | program| when it|
|00005740| 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 | 6e 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | determi|nes the |
|00005750| 73 68 61 70 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c |shape of| the mol|
|00005760| 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 65 6c 65 6d |ecule. |The elem|
|00005770| 65 6e 74 20 61 74 74 72 | 69 62 75 74 65 73 20 64 |ent attr|ibutes d|
|00005780| 69 73 70 6c 61 79 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 70 61 72 74 |isplay i|s a part|
|00005790| 69 63 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 | 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 |icularly| useful |
|000057a0| 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 |referenc|e where |
|000057b0| 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 72 | 20 77 69 73 68 65 73 20 |the user| wishes |
|000057c0| 74 6f 20 70 65 72 66 6f | 72 6d 20 73 69 6d 69 6c |to perfo|rm simil|
|000057d0| 61 72 20 63 61 6c 63 75 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |ar calcu|lations |
|000057e0| 62 79 20 68 61 6e 64 2e | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 |by hand.|.. T|
|000057f0| 68 65 20 61 74 74 72 69 | 62 75 74 65 73 2c 20 77 |he attri|butes, w|
|00005800| 68 69 63 68 20 6d 61 79 | 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 20 |hich may| appear |
|00005810| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 70 6c 61 79 2c 20 |in the d|isplay, |
|00005820| 61 72 65 20 61 73 20 66 | 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 2e 0d |are as f|ollows..|
|00005830| 0d 53 79 6d 62 6f 6c 3a | 20 20 45 6c 65 6d 65 6e |.Symbol:| Elemen|
|00005840| 74 20 61 62 62 72 65 76 | 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d |t abbrev|iation..|
|00005850| 0d 4e 61 6d 65 3a 20 20 | 45 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 |.Name: |Element |
|00005860| 6e 61 6d 65 2e 0d 0d 41 | 74 6f 6d 69 63 20 4e 75 |name...A|tomic Nu|
|00005870| 6d 62 65 72 3a 20 20 4e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 |mber: N|umber of|
|00005880| 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 6e 73 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | protons| in the |
|00005890| 6e 75 63 6c 65 75 73 20 | 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 61 74 |nucleus |of an at|
|000058a0| 6f 6d 2e 0d 0d 43 6f 76 | 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 52 61 |om...Cov|alent Ra|
|000058b0| 64 69 75 73 3a 20 20 52 | 61 64 69 75 73 20 6f 66 |dius: R|adius of|
|000058c0| 20 61 6e 20 61 74 6f 6d | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 | an atom| when it|
|000058d0| 20 70 61 72 74 61 6b 65 | 73 20 69 6e 20 61 20 63 | partake|s in a c|
|000058e0| 6f 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 | 62 6f 6e 64 2e 0d 0d 45 |ovalent |bond...E|
|000058f0| 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 65 | 67 61 74 69 76 69 74 79 |lectrone|gativity|
|00005900| 3a 20 20 4d 65 61 73 75 | 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |: Measu|re of th|
|00005910| 65 20 74 65 6e 64 65 6e | 63 79 20 6f 66 20 61 6e |e tenden|cy of an|
|00005920| 20 61 74 6f 6d 20 74 6f | 20 61 74 74 72 61 63 74 | atom to| attract|
|00005930| 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f | 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 69 74 | electro|ns to it|
|00005940| 73 65 6c 66 2e 0d 0d 47 | 72 6f 75 70 3a 20 20 43 |self...G|roup: C|
|00005950| 6f 6c 75 6d 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 72 |olumn of| the per|
|00005960| 69 6f 64 69 63 20 74 61 | 62 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 77 |iodic ta|ble in w|
|00005970| 68 69 63 68 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 |hich the| element|
|00005980| 20 69 73 20 66 6f 75 6e | 64 2e 0d 0d 43 6f 76 61 | is foun|d...Cova|
|00005990| 6c 65 6e 63 65 3a 20 20 | 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |lence: |Number o|
|000059a0| 66 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 | 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 |f electr|ons that|
|000059b0| 20 61 6e 20 61 74 6f 6d | 20 63 61 6e 20 73 68 61 | an atom| can sha|
|000059c0| 72 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 61 74 |re with |other at|
|000059d0| 6f 6d 73 2e 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 53 |oms... | The S|
|000059e0| 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 61 | 6c 20 43 61 6c 63 75 6c |tructura|l Calcul|
|000059f0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 | 74 65 6d 20 69 73 20 75 |ations i|tem is u|
|00005a00| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 | 69 73 70 6c 61 79 20 61 |sed to d|isplay a|
|00005a10| 20 62 72 65 61 6b 64 6f | 77 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | breakdo|wn of th|
|00005a20| 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e result|s of the|
|00005a30| 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 | calcula|tions th|
|00005a40| 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 70 |at the p|rogram p|
|00005a50| 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 |erformed| when it|
|00005a60| 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 | 6e 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 | determi|ned the |
|00005a70| 73 68 61 70 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c |shape of| the mol|
|00005a80| 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 73 74 72 75 |ecule. |The stru|
|00005a90| 63 74 75 72 61 6c 20 63 | 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 |ctural c|alculati|
|00005aa0| 6f 6e 73 20 64 69 73 70 | 6c 61 79 20 68 65 6c 70 |ons disp|lay help|
|00005ab0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 | 65 72 20 74 6f 20 61 70 |s the us|er to ap|
|00005ac0| 70 72 65 63 69 61 74 65 | 20 77 68 79 2c 20 61 63 |preciate| why, ac|
|00005ad0| 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 56 53 45 50 52 |cording |to VSEPR|
|00005ae0| 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 61 74 6f | theory,| the ato|
|00005af0| 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 |ms of th|e partic|
|00005b00| 75 6c 61 72 20 6d 6f 6c | 65 63 75 6c 65 20 62 6f |ular mol|ecule bo|
|00005b10| 6e 64 65 64 20 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 79 20 64 69 64 |nded as |they did|
|00005b20| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 70 6c 61 79 20 63 |. The d|isplay c|
|00005b30| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 70 61 | 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 |an be pa|rticular|
|00005b40| 6c 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 | 6c 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 |ly usefu|l where |
|00005b50| 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 72 | 20 77 69 73 68 65 73 20 |the user| wishes |
|00005b60| 74 6f 20 76 65 72 69 66 | 79 20 61 6e 79 20 63 61 |to verif|y any ca|
|00005b70| 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c |lculatio|ns compl|
|00005b80| 65 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 68 61 6e 64 2e 0d 0d 20 |eted by |hand... |
|00005b90| 20 20 20 20 4e 6f 74 65 | 3a 20 20 53 74 72 75 63 | Note|: Struc|
|00005ba0| 74 75 72 61 6c 20 63 61 | 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f |tural ca|lculatio|
|00005bb0| 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 | 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 |ns are a|utomatic|
|00005bc0| 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 69 73 | 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 77 |ally dis|played w|
|00005bd0| 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 75 73 65 72 20 73 75 63 |hen the |user suc|
|00005be0| 63 65 73 73 66 75 6c 6c | 79 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 |cessfull|y models|
|00005bf0| 20 61 20 66 6f 72 6d 75 | 6c 61 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 | a formu|la... |
|00005c00| 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 61 | 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f | The ca|lculatio|
|00005c10| 6e 73 2c 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 6d 61 79 20 61 70 |ns, whic|h may ap|
|00005c20| 70 65 61 72 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 70 |pear in |the disp|
|00005c30| 6c 61 79 2c 20 61 72 65 | 20 61 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c |lay, are| as foll|
|00005c40| 6f 77 73 2e 0d 0d 46 6f | 72 6d 75 6c 61 3a 20 20 |ows...Fo|rmula: |
|00005c50| 45 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 77 68 69 63 |Expressi|on, whic|
|00005c60| 68 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 | 69 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |h specif|ies the |
|00005c70| 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |elements| and the|
|00005c80| 69 72 20 71 75 61 6e 74 | 69 74 69 65 73 20 28 6e |ir quant|ities (n|
|00005c90| 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 | 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 29 20 |umber of| atoms) |
|00005ca0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e |in the m|olecule.|
|00005cb0| 0d 0d 53 79 73 74 65 6d | 61 74 69 63 20 4e 61 6d |..System|atic Nam|
|00005cc0| 65 3a 20 20 4e 61 6d 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |e: Name| of the |
|00005cd0| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | 20 61 73 20 64 65 74 65 |molecule| as dete|
|00005ce0| 72 6d 69 6e 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 50 72 |rmined b|y the Pr|
|00005cf0| 65 66 69 78 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 6f 66 20 6e |efix sys|tem of n|
|00005d00| 6f 6d 65 6e 63 6c 61 74 | 75 72 65 2e 0d 0d 43 6f |omenclat|ure...Co|
|00005d10| 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 4e 61 6d | 65 3a 20 20 4e 61 6d 65 |mmon Nam|e: Name|
|00005d20| 20 62 79 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | by whic|h the mo|
|00005d30| 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 20 69 | 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e |lecule i|s common|
|00005d40| 6c 79 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 28 65 2e 67 2e 2c 20 |ly known| (e.g., |
|00005d50| 22 77 61 74 65 72 22 20 | 66 6f 72 20 48 32 4f 29 |"water" |for H2O)|
|00005d60| 2e 0d 0d 49 6f 6e 69 63 | 20 43 68 61 72 61 63 74 |...Ionic| Charact|
|00005d70| 65 72 3a 20 20 4d 65 61 | 73 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 |er: Mea|sure of |
|00005d80| 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 65 | 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 77 68 |the exte|nt to wh|
|00005d90| 69 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 | 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e |ich the |electron|
|00005da0| 73 20 6f 66 20 62 6f 6e | 64 65 64 20 61 74 6f 6d |s of bon|ded atom|
|00005db0| 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 74 72 61 6e |s have b|een tran|
|00005dc0| 73 66 65 72 72 65 64 2c | 20 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 |sferred,| rather |
|00005dd0| 74 68 61 6e 20 73 68 61 | 72 65 64 2e 0d 0d 43 65 |than sha|red...Ce|
|00005de0| 6e 74 72 61 6c 20 41 74 | 6f 6d 3a 20 20 41 74 6f |ntral At|om: Ato|
|00005df0| 6d 20 74 6f 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 67 |m to whi|ch the g|
|00005e00| 72 65 61 74 65 73 74 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |reatest |number o|
|00005e10| 66 20 62 6f 6e 64 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 66 6f 72 6d |f bonds |are form|
|00005e20| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 |ed in th|e molecu|
|00005e30| 6c 65 2e 0d 0d 56 61 6c | 65 6e 63 65 20 45 6c 65 |le...Val|ence Ele|
|00005e40| 63 74 72 6f 6e 73 3a 20 | 20 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 |ctrons: | Number |
|00005e50| 6f 66 20 65 6c 65 63 74 | 72 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 |of elect|rons in |
|00005e60| 61 6c 6c 20 76 61 6c 65 | 6e 63 65 20 73 68 65 6c |all vale|nce shel|
|00005e70| 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 |ls in th|e molecu|
|00005e80| 6c 65 2e 0d 0d 54 6f 74 | 61 6c 20 45 6c 65 63 74 |le...Tot|al Elect|
|00005e90| 72 6f 6e 73 3a 20 20 4e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 |rons: N|umber of|
|00005ea0| 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f | 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 61 6c | electro|ns in al|
|00005eb0| 6c 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d |l atoms |in the m|
|00005ec0| 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e | 0d 0d 42 6f 6e 64 65 64 |olecule.|..Bonded|
|00005ed0| 20 50 61 69 72 73 3a 20 | 20 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | Pairs: | Number |
|00005ee0| 6f 66 20 70 61 69 72 73 | 20 6f 66 20 76 61 6c 65 |of pairs| of vale|
|00005ef0| 6e 63 65 20 65 6c 65 63 | 74 72 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e |nce elec|trons in|
|00005f00| 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 62 6f 6e 64 20 66 |volved i|n bond f|
|00005f10| 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ormation| in the |
|00005f20| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | 2e 0d 0d 4c 6f 6e 65 20 |molecule|...Lone |
|00005f30| 50 61 69 72 73 3a 20 20 | 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |Pairs: |Number o|
|00005f40| 66 20 70 61 69 72 73 20 | 6f 66 20 76 61 6c 65 6e |f pairs |of valen|
|00005f50| 63 65 20 65 6c 65 63 74 | 72 6f 6e 73 20 6e 6f 74 |ce elect|rons not|
|00005f60| 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 62 6f 6e | involve|d in bon|
|00005f70| 64 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 |d format|ion in t|
|00005f80| 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 | 75 6c 65 2e 0d 0d 45 6c |he molec|ule...El|
|00005f90| 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 20 50 | 61 69 72 73 3a 20 20 43 |ectron P|airs: C|
|00005fa0| 6f 6d 62 69 6e 65 64 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |ombined |number o|
|00005fb0| 66 20 62 6f 6e 64 65 64 | 20 70 61 69 72 73 20 61 |f bonded| pairs a|
|00005fc0| 6e 64 20 6c 6f 6e 65 20 | 70 61 69 72 73 20 69 6e |nd lone |pairs in|
|00005fd0| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c | 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 0d 0d | the mol|ecule...|
|00005fe0| 53 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 42 | 6f 6e 64 73 3a 20 20 4e |Single B|onds: N|
|00005ff0| 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 | 20 62 6f 6e 64 73 20 69 |umber of| bonds i|
|00006000| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 20 69 |n the mo|lecule i|
|00006010| 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 65 6c 65 63 |n which |one elec|
|00006020| 74 72 6f 6e 20 70 61 69 | 72 20 69 73 20 73 68 61 |tron pai|r is sha|
|00006030| 72 65 64 20 62 65 74 77 | 65 65 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 |red betw|een two |
|00006040| 61 74 6f 6d 73 2e 0d 0d | 44 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 42 |atoms...|Double B|
|00006050| 6f 6e 64 73 3a 20 20 4e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 |onds: N|umber of|
|00006060| 20 62 6f 6e 64 73 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | bonds i|n the mo|
|00006070| 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 20 69 | 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |lecule i|n which |
|00006080| 74 77 6f 20 65 6c 65 63 | 74 72 6f 6e 20 70 61 69 |two elec|tron pai|
|00006090| 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 | 68 61 72 65 64 20 62 65 |rs are s|hared be|
|000060a0| 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 77 | 6f 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 2e |tween tw|o atoms.|
|000060b0| 0d 0d 54 72 69 70 6c 65 | 20 42 6f 6e 64 73 3a 20 |..Triple| Bonds: |
|000060c0| 20 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 62 6f 6e 64 73 | Number |of bonds|
|000060d0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | in the |molecule|
|000060e0| 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 | in whic|h three |
|000060f0| 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e | 20 70 61 69 72 73 20 61 |electron| pairs a|
|00006100| 72 65 20 73 68 61 72 65 | 64 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |re share|d betwee|
|00006110| 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 61 74 | 6f 6d 73 2e 0d 0d 41 58 |n two at|oms...AX|
|00006120| 20 42 6f 6e 64 20 44 69 | 73 74 61 6e 63 65 3a 20 | Bond Di|stance: |
|00006130| 20 44 69 73 74 61 6e 63 | 65 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 | Distanc|e betwee|
|00006140| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 | 63 6c 65 69 20 6f 66 20 |n the nu|clei of |
|00006150| 74 68 65 20 63 65 6e 74 | 72 61 6c 20 61 74 6f 6d |the cent|ral atom|
|00006160| 20 28 41 29 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 20 74 65 72 6d 69 | (A) and| a termi|
|00006170| 6e 61 6c 20 61 74 6f 6d | 20 28 58 29 2c 20 77 68 |nal atom| (X), wh|
|00006180| 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 20 | 6a 6f 69 6e 65 64 20 62 |ich are |joined b|
|00006190| 79 20 61 20 62 6f 6e 64 | 2e 0d 0d 58 41 58 20 42 |y a bond|...XAX B|
|000061a0| 6f 6e 64 20 41 6e 67 6c | 65 3a 20 20 41 6e 67 6c |ond Angl|e: Angl|
|000061b0| 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 77 6f 20 |e formed| by two |
|000061c0| 61 64 6a 61 63 65 6e 74 | 20 63 65 6e 74 72 61 6c |adjacent| central|
|000061d0| 1e 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 | 6c 20 62 6f 6e 64 73 20 |.termina|l bonds |
|000061e0| 28 41 58 29 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 |(AX) tha|t conver|
|000061f0| 67 65 20 61 74 20 61 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 63 |ge at a |common c|
|00006200| 65 6e 74 72 61 6c 20 61 | 74 6f 6d 20 28 41 29 2e |entral a|tom (A).|
|00006210| 0d 0d 45 50 20 41 72 72 | 61 6e 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 |..EP Arr|angement|
|00006220| 3a 20 20 53 68 61 70 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |: Shape| of the |
|00006230| 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 | 20 61 73 20 64 65 74 65 |molecule| as dete|
|00006240| 72 6d 69 6e 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 67 65 |rmined b|y the ge|
|00006250| 6f 6d 65 74 72 69 63 61 | 6c 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 |ometrica|l distri|
|00006260| 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 76 61 6c 65 6e 63 |bution o|f valenc|
|00006270| 65 20 73 68 65 6c 6c 20 | 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e |e shell |electron|
|00006280| 20 70 61 69 72 73 2e 0d | 0d 4d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c | pairs..|.Molecul|
|00006290| 61 72 20 47 65 6f 6d 65 | 74 72 79 3a 20 20 53 68 |ar Geome|try: Sh|
|000062a0| 61 70 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c 65 63 |ape of t|he molec|
|000062b0| 75 6c 65 20 61 73 20 64 | 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 |ule as d|etermine|
|000062c0| 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f |d by the| electro|
|000062d0| 6e 20 70 61 69 72 20 61 | 72 72 61 6e 67 65 6d 65 |n pair a|rrangeme|
|000062e0| 6e 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 6e |nt, and |by the n|
|000062f0| 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 | 20 62 6f 6e 64 65 64 20 |umber of| bonded |
|00006300| 70 61 69 72 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6c |pairs in| the mol|
|00006310| 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 0d 0d | 56 53 45 50 52 20 4e 6f |ecule...|VSEPR No|
|00006320| 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 | 20 46 6f 72 6d 75 6c 61 |tation: | Formula|
|00006330| 20 6e 6f 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 | notatio|n that s|
|00006340| 68 6f 77 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 |hows the| number |
|00006350| 6f 66 20 63 65 6e 74 72 | 61 6c 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 |of centr|al atoms|
|00006360| 20 28 41 6e 29 2c 20 74 | 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 | (An), t|erminal |
|00006370| 61 74 6f 6d 73 20 28 58 | 6e 29 20 61 6e 64 20 6c |atoms (X|n) and l|
|00006380| 6f 6e 65 20 70 61 69 72 | 73 20 28 45 6e 29 20 69 |one pair|s (En) i|
|00006390| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 2e 00 |n the mo|lecule..|
|000063a0| 00 09 7e 4d 6f 64 65 6c | 73 20 4d 65 6e 75 0d 0d |..~Model|s Menu..|
|000063b0| 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 73 20 | The| Models |
|000063c0| 6d 65 6e 75 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 73 20 74 68 |menu con|tains th|
|000063d0| 65 20 53 6b 65 6c 65 74 | 61 6c 20 69 74 65 6d 2c |e Skelet|al item,|
|000063e0| 20 74 68 65 20 4c 65 77 | 69 73 20 69 74 65 6d 2c | the Lew|is item,|
|000063f0| 20 74 68 65 20 56 65 63 | 74 6f 72 20 69 74 65 6d | the Vec|tor item|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.